​ Per the Current Procedure Terminology® (CPT®) manual, the descriptor of modifier 79 is:
• "Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician during the postoperative period."
As indicated, this modifier is used to bill an unrelated procedure or service performed by the same physician during the postoperative period of a previous surgical procedure.
When a patient has surgery performed, there is a postoperative period -- a period after the surgery has been performed when additional surgical care related to the initial surgery is considered already covered (and paid for) by the allowance provided for the initial surgery. The postoperative period can be zero or 10 days (minor surgical procedure) or 90 days (major surgical procedure). (Note that some surgeries are considered so minor that they have a zero day postoperative period, usually a very quick outpatient procedure.)

Modifier 79 should be used when a surgical procedure is:

• Performed during the postoperative period, where the original surgery had a global period of 10 or 90 days.
• Performed by the same physician or physician of the same specialty within the same group, and
• Unrelated to the original surgical procedure

REMEMBER! 
When the 79 modifier is used, a new postoperative period for the second surgical procedure begins. Additionally, the remainder of the postoperative period of the original surgery is still applicable.

References:
Medicare CMS Website
American Medical Association CPT
Coding Books
Payers Websites

Coding Billing for Medial and Lateral Nerve Blocks.

According to the AMA, the code series for medial branch blocks and the facet joint injections are the same (i.e., CPT series 64490-64495), with reporting based on the number of facet joints injected, not the number of nerves injected. 

For example: If three (3) medial branch nerves are injected only two (2) facet joint injection codes would be reported despite the fact that three nerves were injected, since each facet joint is connected to two medial nerves.

The lateral branch nerve is a peripheral nerve and would be reported with CPT code 64450, Injection, anesthetic agent; other peripheral nerve or branch, when a lateral branch nerve block is performed.

Please note: CPT code 64450 should only be reported per nerve or branch and not per injection.

CPT code 76942, Ultrasonic guidance for needle placement (e.g., biopsy, aspiration, injection, localization device), imaging supervision and interpretation, would be additionally reported when utilizing ultrasound guidance for certain nerve block procedures when it is not inherent in the primary procedure code.

The Different kinds or types of NERVE BLOCKS and what are they targeting:
   
NERVE BLOCKS: Brachial plexus block, elbow block, wrist block BODY AREAS: Shoulder, arm, hand, elbow, wrist)
NERVE BLOCKS: Cervical epidural, thoracic epidural, lumbar epidural block BODY AREAS: Neck, back
NERVE BLOCKS: Cervical plexus block, cervical paravertebral block BODY AREAS: Shoulder, upper neck   
NERVE BLOCKS: Maxillary nerve block BODY AREAS: Upper jaw  
NERVE BLOCKS: Ophthalmic nerve block BODY AREAS: Eyelids, scalp   
NERVE BLOCKS: Sphenopalatine nerve block BODY AREAS: Nose, palate   
NERVE BLOCKS: Subarachnoid block, Celiac plexus block BODY AREAS: Abdomen, pelvis   
NERVE BLOCKS: Supraorbital nerve block BODY AREAS: Forehead   
NERVE BLOCKS: Trigeminal nerve block BODY AREAS: Face

CPT 64490, 64493, 64495, 64633 - Billing and Coding for Facet Nerve Block and Nerve Ablation RFA

CPT CODE 64490 PARAVERTEBRAL FACET JOINT BILLING AND CODING WITH IMAGING GUIDANCEInjection(s), diagnostic or therapeutic agent, paravertebral facet (zygapophyseal) joint (or nerves innervating that joint) with image guidance (fluoroscopy or CT), cervical or thoracic; single level
64491 ----------- second level
64492 ----------- third and any additional level(s) level
CPT CODE 64493Injection(s), diagnostic or therapeutic agent, paravertebral facet (zygapophyseal) joint (or nerves innervating that joint) with image guidance (fluoroscopy or CT), lumbar or sacral; single level
64494 ----------- second level
64495 ----------- third and any additional level(s) level
​
FACET JOINT BILLING AND CODING WITH ULTRA-SOUND
0213T
Injection(s), diagnostic or therapeutic agent, paravertebral facet (zygapophyseal) joint (or nerves innervating that joint) with ultrasound guidance, cervical or thoracic; single level
....................................................................+ 0214T second level
....................................................................+ 0215T third and any additional level(s)
0216TInjection(s), diagnostic or therapeutic agent, paravertebral facet (zygapophyseal) joint (or nerves innervating that joint) with ultrasound guidance, lumbar or sacral; single level
..................................................................+ 0217T second level
..................................................................+ 0218T third and any additional level(s)
Billing and Coding for Radiofrequency Facet denervationCPT

CODE 64633
Destruction by neurolytic agent, paravertebral facet joint nerve(s), with imaging guidance (fluoroscopy or CT); cervical or thoracic, single facet joint'

+64634 cervical or thoracic, each additional facet joint (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)

CPT CODE 64635
Destruction by neurolytic agent, paravertebral facet joint nerve(s), with imaging guidance (fluoroscopy or CT); lumbar or sacral, single facet joint;

+64636 lumbar or sacral, each additional facet joint (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
​
Other Searched Keywords:
Billing and Coding for RFA of Facet Joint Nerves
Billing and Coding for Facet Joint AblationKey Points for CPT 64490, 64493, 64495, 64633 - Billing and Coding for Facet Nerve Block and Nerve Ablation RFA

These codes are unilateral

• Append Modifier 50 when its bilateral
• CPT 64490, 64493, 64495, 64633 are performed with Imaging Guidance; it's inappropriate to report these codes if its not with imaging guidance
• If its under ultra-sound, use the Category 3 Codes shown above
• You don't need Modifier 51 for the add-on codes +64491, +64496, +64634, +64636
• Place of Service applicable to POS 11, 24, 22

Let's look at these questions and answers:
#1 Question
"What are the appropriate code assignments when a patient receives 3 separate nerve blocks into the same lateral branch nerve? Would it be appropriate to report 3 units of this service?"
The right CPT code 64450, Injection, anesthetic agent; other peripheral nerve or branch, would be appropriately reported only once in this case since all 3 nerve blocks were administered to the same nerve or branch.

#2 Question
"We are getting conflicting information regarding coding medial and lateral branch blocks S1, S2, and S3, Medial 64493, 64494, Lateral 64493, and 64494. Our Pain Center wants to use facet injection for the medial branch block and other peripheral nerve for the lateral branch block. Are we correct in reporting lateral branch nerve block(s) to the peripheral nerve CPT code?" Yes, you are correct. The lateral branches of the dorsal sacral nerve plexus are considered peripheral nerves. Therefore, for the four lateral branch block injections at S1, S2, S3, and S4, report 4 units of CPT code 64450, Injection, anesthetic agent; other peripheral nerve or branch. Report multiple units of the injection for the four lateral branch block injections performed, modifier 59 would not be appended in this case.

# 3 Question
"A patient was seen at our facility and underwent a left-sided L5 and S1, S2, S3, and S4 lateral branch nerve block for diagnostic purpose with C-arm fluoroscopy. What are the correct codes for a lateral nerve block?"

So OK, ... based on the operative report a medial branch nerve block was performed at the L5 and a lateral branch nerve block was performed at the S1, S2, S3 and S4

Therefore, it would be appropriate to report CPT code 64493, Injection(s), diagnostic or therapeutic agent, paravertebral facet (zygapohphyseal) joint (or nerves innervating that joint) with image guidance (fluoroscopy or CT), lumbar or sacral, single level, for the L5 medial branch block.

For the 4 lateral branch block injections at S1, S2, S3, and S4, report 4 units of CPT code 64450, Injection, anesthetic agent; other peripheral nerve or branch.

References:
2017 / 2018 Coding Books (CPT is a Trademark and Owned by the American Medical Association)
AMA's CPT Assistant Archives
CMS Medicare Website (LMN, NCD/LCD, Manuals)
Commercial Payers Guidelines

​Chronic Care Management Services and the New Changes for 2017
CMS Medicare recognizes the Chronic Care Management (CCM) as a critical component of primary care services that contributes to better health and care for individuals.
So in 2015, Medicare began paying separately under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule for CCM services furnished to Medicare patients with multiple chronic conditions.

Beginning January 1, 2017, the CCM codes are:

Code 99490 Chronic care management services, at least 20 minutes of clinical staff time directed by a physician or other qualified health care professional, per calendar month, with the following required elements:

• Multiple (two or more) chronic conditions expected to last at least 12 months, or until the death of the patient
• Chronic conditions place the patient at significant risk of death, acute exacerbation/ decompensation, or functional decline
• Comprehensive care plan established, implemented, revised, or monitored
• Assumes 15 minutes of work by the billing practitioner per month

Keys to Remember:
Let’s try to describe what CCM is or Chronic Care Management Services. These are services rendered by a Physician or Non-Physician Practitioners such as Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Certified Nurse-Midwife and the CLINICAL Staff ---  per month, for patients with two or more chronic medical conditions expected to last at least 12 months or until the death of the patient, and that place the patient at significant risk of death, acute exacerbation/decompensation, or functional decline.
Take note that ONLY (1) One Practitioner can report and bill for Chronic Care Management per month.
The included services are:
○ Access and use of a Certified Electronic Health Record (EHR)
○ Continuity of Care with Designated Care Team Member
○ Comprehensive Care Management and Care Planning
○ Transitional Care Management
○ Coordination with Home and Community-Based Clinical Service Providers
○ 24/7 Access to Address Urgent Needs
○ Enhanced Communication (email, and telephone for example)
○ Advance Consent CCM Changes in 2017 are the following:

• Increased payment and additional codes the single CCM code paid approximately $42.
• Now there are 3 codes and payment can range from approximately $43 to over $141, depending on how complex a patient’s needs are;
• A given patient can receive either regular (often referred to as “non-complex”) CCM or complex CCM during a service period if applicable (not both)

The difference between complex and non-complex CCM is the amount of clinical staff time, the extent of care planning, and the complexity of the problems addressed by the billing practitioner during the month;
There is a more complex care and we describe it as Complex Chronic Care Management services;

Here are your two new codes for the Complex CCM - Complex Chronic Care Management services:
CPT 99487
Complex chronic care management services, with the following required elements:
● Multiple (two or more) chronic conditions expected to last at least 12 months, or until the
death of the patient;
● Chronic conditions place the patient at significant risk of death, acute exacerbation/
decompensation, or functional decline;
● Establishment or substantial revision of a comprehensive care plan
● Moderate or high complexity medical decision making
● 60 minutes of clinical staff time directed by a physician or other qualified health care
professional, per calendar month
(Novitas Part B NJ North $102.36)

CPT +99489     --- (this is an add-code and cannot be billed by itself!)    
Each additional 30 minutes of clinical staff time directed by a physician or other qualified    health care professional, per calendar month (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
Complex CCM services of less than 60 minutes in duration, in a calendar month, are not reported separately(Novitas Part B NJ North $50.98)
Supervision
The CCM codes (CPT 99487, 99489, and 99490) are assigned general supervision under the Medicare PFS. General supervision means when the service is not personally performed by the billing practitioner, it is performed under his or her overall direction and control although his or her physical presence is not required.
Patient Eligibility
Patients with multiple (two or more) chronic conditions expected to last at least 12 months or until the death of the patient, and that place the patient at signifcant risk of death, acute exacerbation/decompensation, or functional decline are eligible for CCM services.
● Billing practitioners may consider identifying patients who require CCM services using criteria suggested in CPT guidance (such as number of illnesses, number of medications or repeat admissions or emergency department visits) or the profile of typical patients in the CPT prefatory language.
● There is a need to reduce geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in health through provision of CCM services. Table 2 provides a number of resources for identifying and engaging subpopulations to help reduce these disparities.
The billing practitioner cannot report both complex and regular (non-complex) CCM for a given patient for a given calendar month. In other words, a given patient receives either complex or non-complex CCM during a given service period, not both.
Examples of chronic conditions include, but are not limited to, the following:
● Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia
● Arthritis (osteoarthritis and rheumatoid)
● Asthma
● Atrial fbrillation
● Autism spectrum disorders
● Cancer
● Cardiovascular Disease
● Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
● Depression
● Diabetes
● Hypertension
● Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS
Initiating Visit
For new patients or patients not seen within one year prior to the commencement of CCM, Medicare requires initiation of CCM services during a face-to-face visit with the billing practitioner (an Annual Wellness Visit [AWV] or Initial Preventive Physical Exam [IPPE], or other face-to-face visit with the billing practitioner).  

This initiating visit is not part of the CCM service and is separately billed.
Practitioners who furnish a CCM initiating visit and personally perform extensive assessment and CCM care planning outside of the usual effort described by the initiating visit code may also bill HCPCS code G0506 (Comprehensive assessment of and care planning by the physician or other qualifed health care professional for patients requiring chronic care management services [billed separately from monthly care management services] [Add-on code, list separately in addition to primary service]).
G0506 is reportable once per CCM billing practitioner, in conjunction with CCM initiation.
Patient Consent Obtaining advance consent for CCM services ensures the patient is engaged and aware of applicable cost sharing. It may also help prevent duplicative practitioner billing. A practitioner must obtain patient consent before furnishing or billing CCM. Consent may be verbal or written but must be documented in the medical record, and includes informing them about:
● The availability of CCM services and applicable cost-sharing
● That only one practitioner can furnish and be paid for CCM services during a calendar month
● The right to stop CCM services at any time (effective at the end of the calendar month)

Definition: Indicates an Evaluation and Management (E/M) service resulted in the initial decision to perform surgery either the day before a major surgery (90 day global) or the day of a major surgery. You can access this information on the Medicare Physicians Fee Schedule Data Base.

APPROPRIATE:

• Append where the decision to perform surgery is made the day of or day before a major surgery during an E/M service
• Append only to the E/M procedure code

INAPPROPRIATE:

• Appending to a surgical procedure code
• Appending to an E/M procedure code performed the same day as a minor surgery. When the decision to perform a minor procedure is done immediately before the service, it is considered a routine preoperative service and not billable in addition to the procedure.
• Do not report on the day of surgery for a preplanned or prescheduled surgery.
• Do not report on the day of surgery if the surgical procedure indicates performance in multiple sessions or stages.

Below are information that you need to understand and remember; many are still confused with this:
Global period is the day before surgery, the day of the surgery and the number of days following the surgery as indicated on the MPFSDB. Often, a major surgery has a 90 day post operative period and a minor surgery has either a zero or a 10 day post operative period.

A preoperative period is the day before the surgery or the day of surgery.

When an E/M service resulting in the initial decision to perform major surgery is furnished during the post-operative period of another, unrelated procedure, then the E/M service must be billed with both the 24 and 57 modifiers.

See Codes:
92002-92014    E/M Ophthalmology Services
99201-99499    E/M all locations

Definition: Bilateral Procedure; procedures/services that occur on identical, opposing structures (such as for example - "LEFT" and "RIGHT" Side)
Many Billers are still really confused on how Modifier 50 really works. 

APPROPRIATE:

• When performing a procedure bilaterally during one session and the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule BILAT SURG indicator is 1: 
• Report codes with a BILAT SURG indicator of 1 on one line, appending modifier 50 and submit one unit of service. 

For example: 64490 Injection(s), diagnostic or therapeutic agent, paravertebral facet (zygapophyseal) joint (or nerves innervating that joint) with image guidance (fluoroscopy or CT), cervical or thoracic; single level 

Billed as 64490 -50  1 unit

• When performing a procedure bilaterally during one session and the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (MPFS) BILAT SURG indicator is 3: 
• Submit codes with a BILAT SURG 3 on one line appending either modifier 50 using one unit of service (UOS); or 
• Submit codes on one line with two UOS (the use of the RT/LT modifiers would be optional); or 
• Submit on two lines of service using RT on one line and LT on the other with one UOS each.

INAPPROPRIATE:

• Reporting this modifier when performing the service on different areas of the same side of the body. 
• The BILAT SURG indicator is 0, 2, or 9. 
• When removing a lesion on the right arm and one on the left arm - use the RT and LT modifiers. 
• Do not use modifier 50 for multiple procedures on one organ, such as the skin. 
• On a procedure code that is described as bilateral or unilateral or bilateral in its CPT description. 
• Do not report a bilateral procedure on two lines of service appending modifier 50 to the second line of service.

Coding Tip:
Generally speaking, the above information applies when two of the same procedure codes are performed on the same day for the same patient by the same provider. However, there could be instances where two separate procedure codes are used. If so, Medicare's payment or denial would depend on any other type of rules or regulations concerning the individual services in question. This could include the National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) that could necessitate additional modifiers, duplicate edits, and global surgery edits.

Remember, the Modifier 50 is used as a payment, rather than informational, modifier. The addition of this modifier could affect payment depending on the procedure code and the BILAT SURG indicator. The BILAT SURG indicator for each procedure code can be found on the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Relative Value File. Following are the indicators and their descriptions.

BILAT SURG indicator "0" =150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does not apply. If procedure is reported with modifier -50 or with modifiers RT and LT, base the payment for the two sides on the lower of: (a) the total actual charge for both sides and (b) 100% of the fee schedule amount for a single code. Example: The fee schedule amount for code XXXXX is $125. The physician reports code XXXXX-LT with an actual charge of $100 and XXXXX-RT with an actual charge of $100. Payment should be based on the fee schedule amount ($125) since it is lower than the total actual charges for the left and right sides ($200). The bilateral adjustment is inappropriate for codes in this category (a) because of physiology or anatomy, or (b) because the code description specifically states that it is a unilateral procedure and there is an existing code for the bilateral procedure.

BILAT SURG Indicator "1" =150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies. If the code is billed with the bilateral modifier or is reported twice on the same day by any other means (e.g., with RT and LT modifiers, or with a 2 in the units field), base the payment for these codes when reported as bilateral procedures on the lower of: (a) the total actual charge for both sides or (b) 150% of the fee schedule amount for a single code. If the code is reported as a bilateral procedure and is reported with other procedure codes on the same day, apply the bilateral adjustment before applying any multiple procedure rules.

Reference Manual:
The CMS Internet-Only Manual, Publication 100-04, Chapter 12 , Section 40.7.B, indicates "If a procedure is not identified by its terminology as a bilateral procedure (or unilateral or bilateral), physician must report the procedure with modifier "-50". They report such procedure as a single line item."

BILAT SURG Indicator "2" =150% payment adjustment does not apply. Relative Value Units (RVUs) are already based on the procedure being performed as a bilateral procedure. If the procedure is reported with modifier -50 or is reported twice on the same day by any other means (e.g., with RT and LT modifiers or with a 2 in the units field), base the payment for both sides on the lower of (a) the total actual charge by the physician for both sides, or (b) 100% of the fee schedule for a single code. Example: The fee schedule amount for code YYYYY is $125. The physician reports code YYYYY-LT with an actual charge of $100 and YYYYY-RT with an actual charge of $100. Payment should be based on the fee schedule amount ($125) since it is lower than the total actual charges for the left and right sides ($200).

The RVUs are based on a bilateral procedure because (a) the code descriptor specifically states that the procedure is bilateral, (b) the code descriptor states that the procedure may be performed either unilaterally or bilaterally, or (c) the procedure is usually performed as a bilateral procedure.

BILAT SURG Indicator "3" = the usual payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does not apply. If the procedure is reported with modifier -50 or is reported for both sides on the same day by any other means (e.g., with RT and LT modifiers or with a 2 in the units field), base the payment for each side or organ or site of a paired organ on the lower of (a) the actual charge for each side or (b) 100% of the fee schedule amount for each side. If the procedure is reported as a bilateral procedure and with other procedure codes on the same day, determine the fee schedule amount for a bilateral procedure before applying any multiple procedure rules. Services in this category are generally radiology procedures or other diagnostic tests which are not subject to the special payment rules for other bilateral surgeries.

BILAT SURG Indicator "9" = The bilateral payment adjustment concept does not apply.

Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs) and Modifier 50

Bilateral surgical procedures furnished by certified ASCs may be covered under Part B. While use of the 50 modifier is not prohibited according to Medicare billing instructions, the modifier is not recognized for payment purposes and if used, may result in incorrect payment to ASCs.

Bilateral procedures should be reported as a single unit on two separate lines or a single unit with "2" in the unit field on one line, in order for both procedures to be paid correctly. The multiple procedure reduction of 50 percent will apply to all bilateral procedures subject to multiple procedure discounting.

Read more examples for appropriate billing procedures in the MLN Matters article,

"Revised Payment System for Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASC) in Calendar Year (CY) 2008"  (Revised SE 0742).

References:
CMS: https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Guidance/Manuals/Downloads/clm104c12.pdf
Noridian: https://med.noridianmedicare.com/web/jeb/specialties/surgery/bilateral-surgery
American Medical Association Coding Guidelines

​Definition: Unrelated evaluation and management (E/M) service by the same physician* during a postoperative period 

APPROPRIATE:

• Append modifier 24 to the E/M procedure code (Not Procedure Codes!)
• Use on an unrelated E/M service beginning the day after a procedure, when the E/M is performed by the same physician* during the 10 or 90 day post-operative period. 
• Use modifier 24 on the E/M if documentation indicates the service was exclusively for treatment of the underlying condition and not for post-operative care. 
• Use modifier 24 on the E/M code when the same physician* is managing immunosuppressant therapy during the post-operative period of a transplant. 
• Use modifier 24 on the E/M code when the same physician* is managing chemotherapy during the post-operative period of a procedure. 
• When the same physician* provides unrelated critical care during the post-operative period. 

INAPPROPRIATE:

• Do not use when the E/M is for a surgical complication or infection. This treatment is part of the surgery package. 
• Do not use when the service is removal of sutures or other wound treatment. This treatment is part of the surgery package. 
• Do not use when the surgeon admits a patient to a skilled nursing facility for a condition related to the surgery. 
• Do not use unless the medical record documentation clearly indicates the E/M was unrelated to the surgery. 
• Do not use outside of the post-op period of a procedure. 
• Do not use on the same day as a procedure. 

*Same physician - Medicare regulation states: "Physicians in the same group practice who are in the same specialty must bill and be paid as though they were a single physician."

Reporting Multiple Surgery Modifiers on the Same Claim Line
The following is an example of appropriate reporting of both modifiers 24 (Unrelated E/M by the same physician during a postoperative period), and 25 (Significant, separately identifiable E/M by the same physician on the same day of the procedure or other service), on the same E/M code.

Many are still confused on this. But here... 
"A physician performs a major surgery and within the global period sees the patient for an unrelated E/M visit. During this unrelated E/M visit, the physician determines the necessity of a minor surgery or other procedure. This minor surgery/other procedure is significant and separately identifiable from the E/M and unrelated to the original major surgery. Both the 24 and 25 modifiers are appropriate to add to the E/M code. The 24 modifier is appropriate because the E/M service is unrelated and during the postoperative period of the major surgery. The 25 modifier is necessary to identify that the minor surgery/procedure performed on the same day is separately identifiable from the E/M service. In addition, the minor surgery procedure code may need a 79 modifier to indicate the procedure is not related to the major surgery."

Definition: Increased Procedural Service requiring work substantially greater than typically required.

The RIGHT WAY:

• Surgeries where services performed are significantly greater than usual. 
• Anatomical variants could be an appropriate use of the modifier. 
• Assistant at surgery claims where a procedure is significantly greater than usual. 
• Procedures having a global surgery indicator of 000, 010, or 090 on the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Database (MPFSDB). 
• Procedures having a global period but not surgical services (i.e. 77761, 77777, 77782).

Inappropriate:

• Additional time alone does not justify the use of this modifier (very important to KNOW!)
• Do not use when there is an existing code to describe the service. 
• We may deny the claim when the documentation supports another existing code. 
• Do not use to indicate a specialist performed the service. 
• Not appropriate for an Evaluation and Management (E/M) service.
• Documentation

Indicate "additional information available upon request" in field 19 of the 1500 Claim Form.

When the modifier 22 is used, two separate documents will be required to support the claim: 

• An operative report; and 
• A separate statement indicating how the service differs from the usual

Important Information for Billing and Documentation

Based on Medicare's Guideline of which most payers does follow Medicare's Guideline. So pay attention on this:

If you append a 22 modifier to a procedure you will receive an Additional Documentation Request (ADR) letter requesting medical records to support the use of the 22 Modifier. It is important that both the operative report and a separate concise statement on why it was beyond the normal difficulty be returned with a copy of the ADR letter. Failure to submit the statement and documentation in a timely fashion will result in processing of the claim with the fee schedule rate for the same surgery submitted without the 22 modifier.

Documentation Tips:
When developing a separate statement avoid using a generalized statement. Comments like "patient was obese" or "surgery took longer than usual" or "multiple adhesions" lack specific details which identify why the procedure was beyond the normal difficulties that could be encountered with the procedure. Further, it is important that your operative note supports the statement on why the surgical procedure was beyond the ordinary range of difficulty.

Unassigned Claim
For unassigned claims, an increase in the limiting charge is allowed only when a charge above the fee schedule amount is justified.

Reference CMS Manual Instruction:
The CMS Internet-Only Manual (IOM) Publication 100-04, Chapter 12 , Section 20.4.6 shows the requirements for using this modifier.

How to use MODIFIERS for MEDICAL AND GLOBAL SURGERY Encounters - GoHealthcare is a Leader in Revenue Cycle Management.

I have shared a lot of guidelines on each of this modifier. But today, this blog post will cover from Modifier 22 to Modifier 99. So are you ready? Make sure to click on "DIG DEEPER" for learn more and read more on clinical scenario samples.

All of these guidelines are based on Medicare's Guidelines. References are attached on each guideline. I strongly believe 98% of all the commercial payers does follow Medicare's Guidelines. Period.

​Modifier 22
Increased Procedural Services (Dig Deeper to learn more ... CLICK HERE)

Modifier 23
Unusual Anesthesia

Modifier 24
Unrelated Evaluation and Management Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During a Postoperative Period (Dig Deeper to learn more ... CLICK HERE)

Modifier 25
Significant, Separately Identifiable Evaluation and Management Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional on the Same Day of the Procedure or Other Service

Modifier 26
Professional Component

Modifier 27
Multiple Outpatient Hospital E/M Encounters on the Same Date

Modifier 32
Mandated Services

Modifier 33
Preventive Services

Modifier 47
Anesthesia by Surgeon

Modifier 50
Bilateral Procedure (Dig Deeper to learn more ... CLICK HERE)

Modifier 51
Multiple Procedures

Modifier 52
Reduced Services

Modifier 53
Discontinued Procedure

Modifier 54
Surgical Care Only

Modifier 55
Postoperative Management Only

Modifier 56
Preoperative Management Only

Modifier 57
Decision for Surgery (Dig Deeper to learn more ... CLICK HERE)

Modifier 58 
Staged or Related Procedure or Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During the Postoperative Period (Dig Deeper to learn more ... CLICK HERE)

Modifier 59
Distinct Procedural Service (Dig Deeper to learn more ... CLICK HERE)

Modifier 62
Two Surgeons

Modifier 63
Procedure Performed on Infants less than 4 kg
 
Modifier 66
Surgical Team
 
Modifier 73
Discontinued Out-Patient Hospital/Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) Procedure Prior to the Administration of Anesthesia
 
Modifier 74
Discontinued Out-Patient Hospital/Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) Procedure After Administration of Anesthesia
 
Modifier 76
Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
 
Modifier 77
Repeat Procedure by Another Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
 
Modifier 78
Unplanned Return to the Operating/Procedure Room by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional Following Initial Procedure for a Related Procedure During the Postoperative Period
 
Modifier 79
Unrelated Procedure or Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During the Postoperative Period (Dig Deeper to learn more ... CLICK HERE)
 
Modifier 80
Assistant Surgeon
 
Modifier 81
Minimum Assistant Surgeon

Modifier 82
Assistant Surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available)
 
Modifier 90
Reference (Outside) Laboratory
 
Modifier 91
Repeat Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Test
 
Modifier 92
Alternative Laboratory Platform Testing
 
Modifier 95
Synchronous Telemedicine Service Rendered Via a Real-Time Interactive Audio and Video Telecommunications System
 
Modifier 96
Habilitative Services
 
Modifier 97
Rehabilitative Services
 
Modifier 99
Multiple Modifiers

Techniques:

• Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) * Incision is performed through a midline incision in the back

Image Source: https://www.slideshare.net/drpraveenktripathi/lumbar-interbody-fusion-indications-techniques-and-complications

• Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) * Incision is also performed through a midline incision in the back, only on the side of the spine, to access the vertebral body at an angle

​​Both Procedures (PLIF and TLIF) allows for an Anterior Interbody Fusion through a Posterior Approach. The Interbody space is part of the anterior column of the spine.

22630
Arthrodesis, posterior interbody technique, including laminectomy and/or discectomy to prepare interspace (other than for decompression), single interspace; lumbar
+22632
Each Additional interspace (list separately in addition to code for primary procedure code)
​
Here's what occurs when 22630 is performed:
The provider performs an arthrodesis, also known as spinal fusion, in the lumbar spine, or lower back, to permanently join two vertebrae, the interlocking bones of the spine. He excises the lamina and disk material and applies bone graft between the disks to fuse them. The procedure helps to alleviate persistent pain caused by various spinal conditions, including herniated intervertebral disks, stenosis, or spinal injuries.

Then, in 2012 
Code  22633 was introduced to to represent the combination of 22630 and 22612 Arthrodesis, posterior or posterolateral technique, single level; lumbar (with lateral transverse technique, when performed) at the same level.

22558
Arthrodesis, anterior interbody technique, including minimal discectomy to prepare interspace (other than for decompression); lumbar 
Remember: (For arthrodesis using pre-sacral interbody technique, see 22586, 0195T)
+22585
Arthrodesis, anterior interbody technique, including minimal discectomy to prepare interspace (other than for decompression); each additional interspace (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) 
Remember: (Use 22585 in conjunction with 22554, 22556, 22558) 
(Do not report 22585 in conjunction with 63075, even if performed by a separate individual. To report anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion at the same level during the same session, use 22552)

Here's what occurs when 22558 is being performed:
The provider performs arthrodesis, also known as spinal fusion, in the lower back, to permanently join two vertebrae, the interlocking bones of the spine, to alleviate persistent pain caused by a herniated, or bulging, disk, or other spinal condition. He makes an incision in the abdomen to access the spine and remove disk material.

POSTERIOR INSTRUMENTATION:

Add-Code +22840 Posterior non-segmental instrumentation (eg, Harrington rod technique, pedicle fixation across 1 interspace, atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation, sublaminar wiring at C1, facet screw fixation) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
(Use 22840 in conjunction with 22100-22102, 22110-22114, 22206, 22207, 22210-22214, 22220-22224, 22310-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040-63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081, 63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290, 63300-63307)

Add-On Code +22841 Internal spinal fixation by wiring of spinous processes (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)

Add-On Code +22842 Posterior segmental instrumentation (eg, pedicle fixation, dual rods with multiple hooks and sublaminar wires); 3 to 6 vertebral segments (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
Use 22842 in conjunction with 22100- 22102, 22110- 22114, 22206, 22207, 22210- 22214, 22220-22224, 22305-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040-63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081, 63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290, 63300- 63307)Text has been updated

Add-On Code +22843 7 to 12 vertebral segments (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
(Use 22843 in conjunction with 22100- 22102, 22110-22114, 22206, 22207, 22210- 22214, 22220-22224, 22305-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040-63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081,63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290,63300- 63307)Text has been updated

Add-On Code +22844 13 or more vertebral segments (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
(Use 22844 in conjunction with 22100- 22102, 22110-22114, 22206, 22207, 22210- 22214, 22220-22224, 22305-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040-63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081, 63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290, 63300- 63307)

ANTERIOR INSTRUMENTATION
Add-On Code +22845 Anterior instrumentation; 2 to 3 vertebral segments (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
(Use 22845 in conjunction with 22100- 22102, 22110-22114, 22206, 22207, 22210- 22214, 22220-22224, 22305-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040-63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081,63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290,63300- 63307)Text has been updated

Add-On Code +22846 4 to 7 vertebral segments (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
Use 22846 in conjunction with 22100- 22102, 22110-22114, 22206, 22207, 22210- 22214, 22220-22224, 22305-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040-63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081, 63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290, 63300- 63307)Text has been updated

Add-On Code +22847 8 or more vertebral segments (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
(Use 22847 in conjunction with 22100-22102, 22110-22114, 22206, 22207, 22210-22214, 22220-22224, 22305-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040- 63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081, 63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290,63300-63307)Text has been updated

Add-On Code +22848 Pelvic fixation (attachment of caudal end of instrumentation to pelvic bony structures) other than sacrum (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
(Use 22848 in conjunction with 22100- 22102, 22110-22114, 22206, 22207, 22210- 22214, 22220-22224, 22305-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040-63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081, 63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290, 63300- 63307)​

22853
Insertion of interbody biomechanical device(s) (eg, synthetic cage, mesh) with integral anterior instrumentation for device anchoring (eg, screws, flanges), when performed, to intervertebral disc space in conjunction with interbody arthrodesis, each interspace (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) 
Notes:
(Use 22853 in conjunction with 22100-22102, 22110-22114, 22206, 22207, 22210-22214, 22220-22224, 22310-22327, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812, 63001-63030, 63040-63042, 63045-63047, 63050-63056, 63064, 63075, 63077, 63081, 63085, 63087, 63090, 63101, 63102, 63170-63290, 63300-63307) 
(Report 22853 for each treated intervertebral disc space)

Code +22853 is one of several new codes within the spine section for the insertion of biomechanical devices that replace deleted code +22851 (Application of intervertebral biomechanical device[s] ...). The new add-on codes are more specific regarding the type and location of the biomechanical devices.

CPT® guidelines direct you to report +22853 for each treated intervertebral disc space.
Report +22853 in addition to the definitive procedure(s) since it is an add-on code.

Do not append modifier 62 (Two surgeons) to 22853.

The provider inserts a metallic cage or mesh device between two vertebrae and may use screws or flanges to attach it to the front part of the vertebrae; the device maintains the disc space, provides spinal stability, and yet preserves some range of motion, which helps relieve persistent pain caused by a herniated, or bulging, disk or other spinal condition. The provider performs this procedure during a spinal interbody arthrodesis procedure, which is fusion, or permanent joining, of vertebrae over the joint space.

Remember!
Code +22853 is an add–on code and must be reported with an appropriate primary procedure, such as 22548–22586 (Anterior or anterolateral approach technique arthrodesis procedures on the spine [vertebral column]), but there are many other codes that can be reported as a primary code.

Report one unit of this code for each interspace treated, not for the number of devices inserted. For example, if the provider inserts two cages into a single interspace, you report this code only once. If the provider inserts a device at two separate interspaces, e.g., between C3–4 and C5–6, then you would report this code twice.

This code is for the application of a device to expand or maintain an intervertebral disc space.

For a similar procedure to cover a defect created by removal of a vertebral body,
report 22854 (Insertion of intervertebral biomechanical device(s) [e.g., synthetic cage, mesh] with integral anterior instrumentation for device anchoring [e.g., screws, flanges], when performed, to vertebral corpectomy[ies] [vertebral body resection, partial or complete] defect, in conjunction with interbody arthrodesis, each contiguous defect [List separately in addition to code for primary procedure]).

For insertion of a similar device to treat an intervertebral disc space or vertebral body removal defect but without interbody fusion (arthrodesis), report 22859 (Insertion of intervertebral biomechanical device[s] [e.g., synthetic cage, mesh, methylmethacrylate] to intervertebral disc space or vertebral body defect without interbody arthrodesis, each contiguous defect [List separately in addition to code for primary procedure]).

20930
Allograft, morselized, or placement of osteopromotive material, for spine surgery only (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) 
Notes:
(Use 20930 in conjunction with 22319, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812)

Here's what occurs when 20930 is being performed;
The provider applies small pieces of donor or synthetic bone graft material during a spinal surgery to encourage bone growth during the healing period. 

Coding Tip!
Code 20930 is an add on code and used for specified spinal procedures only.

Check with your payer to determine if 20930 can be billed separately or if the application of the bone graft material is included in the code for the primary surgical procedure. 

Do not append modifier 62 to bone graft codes 20900-20938. 

(For spinal surgery bone graft[s] see codes 20930-20938)

Check with your payer if you can separately report this code;

+20931
Allograft, structural, for spine surgery only (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) 
Notes:
(Use 20931 in conjunction with 22319, 22532-22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812)
A provider uses a structural allograft, a type of donor bone, to fill in bony defects as she performs a spinal surgery procedure.

Coding Tips:
Code 20931 is an add on code describing application of structural allograft to spinal defects and must be reported with an allowable primary spinal procedure code.

Report 20930, Allograft, morselized, or placement of osteopromotive material, for spine surgery only, together with 20931 only in the case of a human donor who is a different person from the recipient.

You should never append modifier 50, Bilateral procedure, to 20931. The CMS Physician Fee Schedule Database includes a 9 indictor in the BILAT SURG column for this code. According to further CMS instructions, a 9 indicator in this column means that the concept of a bilateral surgery with spinal grafting does not apply.

+20936
Autograft for spine surgery only (includes harvesting the graft); local (eg, ribs, spinous process, or laminar fragments) obtained from same incision (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) 
Notes:
(Use 20936 in conjunction with 22319, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812)

A provider uses an autograft, a type of donor bone, to fill in bony defects as she performs a spinal surgery procedure. She extracts the autograft from the patient’s own bone, taken from the same surgical incision.

Coding Tips:
Code 20936 is an add on code describing grafting from a donor area using the same incision during a major operative procedure and must be reported with an allowable primary spinal procedure code.

You should never append modifier 50, Bilateral procedure, to 20936. The CMS Physician Fee Schedule Database includes a 9 indictor in the BILAT SURG column for this code. According to further CMS instructions, a 9 indicator in this column means that the concept of a bilateral surgery with spinal grafting does not apply.

+20937
Autograft for spine surgery only (includes harvesting the graft); morselized (through separate skin or fascial incision) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) 
Notes:
(Use 20937 in conjunction with 22319, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812)

The provider uses an autograft, a type of donor bone, to fill in bony defects as she performs a spinal surgery procedure. She extracts the autograft from the patient’s own body during the surgical procedure, through a separate incision.

Coding Tips:
Code 20937 is an add on code describing preparation and application of a morselized autograft through a separate skin incision and must be reported with an allowable primary spinal procedure code.


*** A vertebral segment describes the basic constituent part into which the spine may be divided. It represents a single complete vertebral bone with its associated articular processes and laminae. A vertebral interspace is the non-bony compartment between two adjacent vertebral bodies which contains the intervertebral disc, and includes the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and two cartilaginous endplates. 

Autograft for spine surgery only (includes harvesting the graft); structural, bicortical or tricortical (through separate skin or fascial incision) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) 
Notes:
(Use 20938 in conjunction with 22319, 22532, 22533, 22548-22558, 22590-22612, 22630, 22633, 22634, 22800-22812) 

(For aspiration of bone marrow for bone grafting, spine surgery only, use 20939)

The provider uses an autograft, a type of donor bone, to fill in bony defects as she performs a spinal surgery procedure. She extracts the autograft from the patient's own body during the surgical procedure, through a separate incision.

Source: CPT®  Assistant July 1996 page 7
Coding Tip
Reporting Cosurgeries
"We receive many questions concerning how to report surgeries performed by more than one physician. To help you understand the proper coding we present the following information."
The General Question
"I am a general surgeon who sometimes performs surgeries with other surgeons (cosurgeries), such as orthopedic or neurosurgeons. I open the surgical site, the other surgeon does the definitive portion of the procedure, and then I close. What CPT codes should I report for my services? I have heard from some sources that I should bill for a thoracotomy and wound repair. But other sources have told me to report the same CPT codes as the other surgeon. Which is correct?

CPT® ​ASSISTANT'S REPLY:
Here's How to Code:
"For situations in which one surgeon performs the opening and closing of a surgery and another physician performs the definitive portion of the procedure, both physicians should report the same CPT codes, and appropriately append either modifier -62 or modifier -66."

Illustration
A patient's surgery includes arthrodesis of two interspaces of the thoracic spine by anterior interbody technique, with anterior instrumentation of three vertebral segments. Physician "A" performs a thoracotomy at the start of the surgical session, and Physician "B" performs the arthrodesis and spinal instrumentation. Upon completion of the arthrodesis and spinal instrumentation, Physician A closes the operative site. 
Coding the Illustration
(The physicians in the illustration would report the codes indicated below.)
Physician A       22556-62
Physician B       22556-62
22558-62
22558-62

22845-62
22845-62
When performing these cosurgeries, it is important to communicate with the other surgeon's office to be certain that you submit the claims properly

CPT®  Guideline September 1997 page 8
Coding Communication
How to Code Prosthetic Devices
It is not often that we devote an entire article to a single code, but sometimes this is the only way to fully explain the use of certain codes-22851, application of prosthetic device (eg, metal cages, methylmethacrylate) to vertebral defect or interspace, is such a code. But before we review how to report this code, it is probably a good idea to first do a brief anatomical review of the vertebral column.

The vertebral column (spine) consists of a series of bones known as vertebrae.


An adult human possesses 33 vertebrae divided into the following five types:

    7 cervical vertebrae;

    12 thoracic vertebrae;

    5 lumbar vertebrae;

    5 sacral vertebrae; and

    4 coccygeal vertebrae. 

The sacral vertebrae are typically fused into a single bone known as the sacrum. The coccygeal vertebrae are sometimes fused into a single bone known as the coccyx.

Therefore, the actual number of bones in the vertebral column may be 26-29, depending on if the coccygeal vertebrae are fused. Vertebrae are commonly named by a letter that corresponds to the region of the vertebral column to which the vertebrae belongs, followed by a number that indicates where in the region the vertebrae is located. For example, the most superior cervical vertebra is called C1, with the next cervical vertebrae down designated C2. The most superior thoracic vertebrae is T1, with the next one down designated T2.

Fig. 1 - Spinal Prosthetic Devices
Between each pair of vertebrae is a disc that cushions the spinal column. If one of the discs degenerates or if one of the 26-29 vertebrae are injured (as in the case of a fracture, degenerative disease, or secondary to tumor destruction) the physician may need to place a prosthetic device (eg, metal cages or methyl-methacrylate) in the vertebral defect or interspace. (Fig. 1) In these instances, a segment of vertebral level may be drilled and metal cages packed with porous implants of bone graft may be inserted or methylmethacrylate may be placed between the affected vertebrae.

Proper Reporting of code 22851
It is important to note that CPT®  code 22851 is not intended to be reported per cage.

CPT®  code 22851 should only be reported one time, regardless if one or more metal cages are placed in the intervertebral space at the same level. However, if metal cages are placed at two different levels, (eg, metal cage placed at L3-4 interspace and L5-S1 interspace), then 22851 may be reported more than once to indicate that one or more cages were placed at two or more different levels. It is important to note that a single cage or methylmethacrylate can cover a defect of several vertebral segments (eg, a single cage may replace three entire vertebrae), wherein code 22851 would still only be reported one time.

Within the spine section, instrumentation procedure codes (22840-22855) are reported in addition to the definitive procedure(s) without appending the modifier -51. Therefore, if arthrodesis is performed in addition to the placement of the metal cages, then it would be appropriate to report code 22851 in addition to the appropriate arthrodesis code, 22548-22632. In this instance, the modifier -51 would not be appended to code 22851. 

If metal cages are placed through an anterior approach and pedicle screws are placed through a posterior approach, it would be appropriate to report both code 22851 and one of the codes from the posterior instrumentation series, 22840, 22842-22844. However, if different instrumentation is used in addition to the metal cages or methylmethacrylate through the same approach (eg, an anterior plating system) or pedicle screws and posterior lumbar interbody fusion utilizing cages), then the appropriate instrumentation code would be reported in addition to code 22851. However, 22851 and 22845 should not both be reported if only the metal cage is inserted.
If fracture treatment, dislocation, or arthrodesis is performed in addition to spinal instrumentation, then the appropriate fracture treatment, dislocation or arthrodesis code (22325, 22326, 22327, 22548-22812) would be reported separately in addition to code 22851. In this instance, CPT®  code 22851 would be reported in addition to the definitive procedure(s) without the modifier -51 appended.
If bone grafting is performed in addition to code 22851, then the appropriate bone grafting code, 20930-20938, would be reported additionally.
Clinical Sample:
CPT® Code 22851
A 50-year-old man undergoes an anterior fusion of L5-S1 for degenerative disease. A retroperitoneal incision is made and an arthrodesis performed using a BAK cage. A distracter is placed in the interspace, a hole is drilled in the interspace, and the BAK cage is placed in the hole. The spacer is removed and replaced with another BAK cage. Both cages are filled with bone graft. (Report arthrodesis and/or bone grafting separately using the appropriate CPT code[s]).

The exposed disk space and adjacent vertebrae are prepared with bone-cutting instruments for acceptance of the prosthetic device. Preparation of the recipient site is made according to the protocol of the particular device. If methylmethacrylate is to be used, a screw or pin may be inserted into the adjacent vertebral surfaces to anchor the methylmethacrylate. Provision is made for cooling of adjacent tissues and protection of heat sensitive tissue from the exothermic reaction of the curing of the methylmethacrylate. For cages, the recipient site is prepared by bone dissection, a trial fit with the device or a spacer or template as indicated by the protocol is inserted and removed for any final modifications of the recipient site. The prosthetic device is then screwed, impacted, or injected into place according to protocol for this particular device. (Additional fixation, other provision for arthrodesis, or bone grafting are coordinated with the placement of the prosthetic device and are coded separately.) For devices that incorporate graft material, that material is appropriately placed into the device prior to its final insertion.

CPT®  ASSISTANT September 2000 page 10
Coding Consultation
Musculoskeletal System, Surgery, 22548-22585, 22899 (Q&A)

Question
"Should I use the anterior or anterolateral approach technique arthrodesis series of codes (22548-22585) to report intra-abdominal laparoscopic, video assisted anterior interbody fusion?"

AMA CPT®  Comment
"The anterior or anterolateral approach technique arthrodesis series of codes (22548-22585) are intended to describe arthrodesis performed via an open surgical approach. There is not a specific CPT code that accurately describes laparoscopic anterior interbody fusion. Therefore, code 22899, Unlisted procedure, spine should be reported. When reporting an unlisted code to describe a procedure or service, it will be necessary to submit supporting documentation (eg, procedure report) along with the claim to provide an adequate description of the nature, extent, need for the procedure, and the time limit, effort, and equipment necessary to provide the service."

CPT®  ASSISTANT March 2015 page 9
Frequently Asked Questions:Surgery: Musculoskeletal System

Question: "Are CPT codes 22851 and 22845 appropriate to report when modular implants, such as the RSB (RSB LLC; Cleveland, OH) InterPlate® (a modular interbody platform technology), are implanted for spinal fusion procedures?"

Answer:
"No. The RSB InterPlate® describes a stand-alone interbody fusion device that consists of an interbody spacer with screw fixation or other mechanisms, which engage adjacent vertebrae. Such devices should be reported with code 22558, Arthrodesis, anterior interbody technique, including minimal discectomy to prepare interspace (other than for decompression); lumbar, and 22851, Application of intervertebral biomechanical device(s) (eg, synthetic cage(s), methylmethacrylate) to vertebral defect or interspace (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure). An additional anterior instrumentation code (22845) is not applicable because there is no separate construct placed across the vertebral segment."

Question: "Would it be appropriate to separately report any of the following with the hammertoe correction code 28285 (2nd digit), if adequately documented? (1) Resection of hypertrophied base of proximal phalanx (28126), if performed through a separate incision at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP joint); (2) flexor tenotomy (28232) performed through a separate incision at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint; (3) an additional unit of 28285 if K-wire is inserted through the DIP, MTP, or proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint."

Answer:
"No. Code 28126, Resection, partial or complete, phalangeal base, each toe; code 28232, Tenotomy, open, tendon flexor; toe, single tendon (separate procedure); and the insertion of K-wire through DIP, PIP, and MTP joints are all inclusive components of the procedure described by code 28285, Correction, hammertoe (eg, interphalangeal fusion, partial or total phalangectomy), and should not be reported separately."

References:
2018 AMA's CPT®  Guidelines
2017 AMA's CPT®  Guidelines
CPT® Assistant Archives

​Websites:
NASS
​Spine-Health
Medtronic
Ahima
AAPC
CMS
​

Trigger Point  Injections  Coding and  Billing (How to Bill CPT 20553 and 20552). Is this unilateral procedures?Are you Properly Coding  and Billing for  your Services?

Coding for Trigger Point Injections (which include how to bill cpt 20553)“Trigger points are described as hyper irritable spots in skeletal muscle that are associated with palpable nodules in taut bands of muscle fibers. Trigger point researchers believe that palpable nodules are small contraction knots and a common cause of pain.”keyword tags: how to bill cpt 20553, billing trigger point injection

What Causes Trigger Points? It could be due to or but not limited to:
Injuries (e.g. whiplash)
Daily activities (especially of that are work-related) of repetitive
movements (e.g. typing, data entry)
Lack of exercise, stress and poor posture
Lack of activity
Poor back support
Poor sleeping positionThe trigger point codes are very specific and here our two codes (see how to bill cpt 20553)20552 – Injection(s); single or multiple trigger point(s), one or two muscles
20553 – Single or multiple trigger points(s), three or more muscles (AMA Guidelines: If imaging guidance is performed, see 76942, 77002, 77021)
Global Days: 0

*** Imaging/Radiology Crosscodes:
76942 Ultrasonic guidance for needle placement (eg, biopsy, aspiration, injection, localization device), imaging supervision and interpretation
77002 Fluoroscopic guidance for needle placement (eg, biopsy, aspiration, injection, localization device)

Trigger point injections must be billed one line regardless how many injections.
For instance, if your pain doc performed trigger points on 2 muscles, report 20552 x 1 unit… (not 2 units for 2 muscles!)
CPT 20553 is NOT an add-on code!
Modifier -59 should not be used with these codes.
NO Anatomical Modifier because this service is NOT billable as Unilateral/Bilateral

Modifier –25 can be appended for E/M office visit if done on the same day and such is separate and identifiable medically necessary. Above and Beyond.Documentation in the patient’s medical record should include proper evaluation leading to the diagnosis of the trigger points, specific identification of the affected muscle(s). It must also be properly documented the reason why injections are the chosen as a treatment option.

Is the Code for Trigger Points / Muscles Group Injections Billable for Bilateral?
“Is the Code for Trigger Points / Muscles Group Injections 20552 – 20553 Billable as Bilateral?”
Another interesting question on Trigger Points Injection codes 20552-20553!
The answer is NO, it is not billable as bilateral. Because you are billing on the number of muscles or trigger points. There is no left and right on this procedure. You bill and code on the number of muscles or trigger points. Be careful! you do not bill for number of injections too! Again, identify the number of muscle(s) or trigger point(s).

A needle placement guidance is rarely used for trigger points injection procedure, but if the medical record shows that the physician used needle placement guidance, look at 77002 for the needle placement guidance code.

Here’s a part of AMA’s Question and Answer Per CPT Assistant May 2003
Question: “My physician performed two trigger point injections in two different muscles. Would it be appropriate to report code 20552 twice for the two injections?”

AMA Comment: “Code 20552-20553 are reported one time per session, regardless of the number of injections or muscles injected. Therefore, it would not be appropriate to report code 20552, Injection(s); single or multiple trigger point(s), one or two muscle(s) twice for the two injections administered.”
**** CPT is owned by the American Medical Association (AMA)
**** For more references: Consult your CPT code books. The National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) and third pary payer payment policies and guidelines
**** CPT Assistant September 2003
**** Always refer to your local carrier’s LCDs
keyword tags: how to bill cpt 20553, billing trigger point injection

22 Increased Procedural Services
50 Bilateral Procedure
51 Multiple Procedures
52 Reduced Services
58 Staged or Related Procedure or Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During the Postoperative Period
59 Distinct Procedural Service
63 Procedure Performed on Infants less than 4 kg
76 Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
77 Repeat Procedure by Another Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional
78 Unplanned Return to the Operating/Procedure Room by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional Following Initial Procedure for a Related Procedure During the Postoperative Period
79 Unrelated Procedure or Service by the Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional During the Postoperative Period
99 Multiple Modifiers
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AR Physician provider services in a physician scarcity area
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
CS Item or service related, in whole or in part, to an illness, injury, or condition that was caused by or exacerbated by the effects, direct or indirect, of the 2010 oil spill in the gulf of mexico, including but not limited to subsequent clean-up activities
ET Emergency services
F1 Left hand, second digit
F2 Left hand, third digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
FA Left hand, thumb
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GJ "opt out" physician or practitioner emergency or urgent service
GR This service was performed in whole or in part by a resident in a department of veterans affairs medical center or clinic, supervised in accordance with va policy
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
Q5 Service furnished under a reciprocal billing arrangement by a substitute physician; or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician; or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
QJ Services/items provided to a prisoner or patient in state or local custody, however the state or local government, as applicable, meets the requirements in 42 cfr 411.4 (b)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
T1 Left foot, second digit
T2 Left foot, third digit
T3 Left foot, fourth digit
T4 Left foot, fifth digit
T5 Right foot, great toe
T6 Right foot, second digit
T7 Right foot, third digit
T8 Right foot, fourth digit
T9 Right foot, fifth digit
TA Left foot, great toe
XE Separate encounter
XP Separate practitioner
XS Separate structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service​

Trigger point codes are grouped to reflect the total number of muscles treated, not how many injections the provider performs. When the provider treats one or two muscles with injections, regardless of the number of injections, report 20552, Injections, single or multiple trigger points, one or two muscles. When the provider performs trigger points on three or more muscles, report 20553, Injections, single or multiple trigger points, three or more muscles.
Coding examples include:
A patient with a history of back problems reports to the emergency department complaining of sharp lower back pain and aching legs. The provider discovers three trigger points in the patient's longissimus muscle, which is one of the deep muscles in the back, and performs therapeutic injections at each trigger point. Do not report 20553, Injections, single or multiple trigger points, three or more muscles, because the provider treated only one muscle. For this encounter, report 20552, Injections, single or multiple trigger points, one or two muscles.

Do you know that you can bill for a Smoking Cessation Face-to-face encounter? But the question that you may have is how do you bill for Smoking Cessation Counseling?

Here are your codes:
99406 Intermediate Smoking and tobacco use cessation counseling visit is greater than three minutes, but not more than 10 minutes

99407 Intensive Smoking and tobacco use cessation counseling visit is greater than 10 minutes

Diagnosis that Meets Medical Necessity (always refer to your payer's guidelines too!)
F17.200 Nicotine dependence, unspecified, uncomplicated
F17.201 Nicotine dependence, unspecified, in remission
F17.210 Nicotine dependence, cigarettes, uncomplicated
F17.211 Nicotine dependence, cigarettes, in remission
F17.220 Nicotine dependence, chewing tobacco, uncomplicated
F17.221 Nicotine dependence, chewing tobacco, in remission
F17.290 Nicotine dependence, other tobacco product, uncomplicated
F17.291 Nicotine dependence, other tobacco product, in remission
Z87.891 Personal history of nicotine dependence

How do you bill Smoking Cessation code with the EM  or Evaluation and Management codes?

Append your Modifier 25 to the E/M Code and not on the Smoking Counselling Code!

Make sure you know the guideline of Modifier 25 and always know how to identify necessity.

Modifier -25, Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management
service by the same physician on the same day of the procedure or other
service:

This modifier must be appended with an E/M service. This is the modifier you will need to use 
with the evaluation and management service done on the same day with other procedure done 
by the same physician. It has to be above and beyond the usual preoperative and postoperative 
encounter with the procedure. In fact, by using this modifier, it doesn't have to have a different 
diagnosis reported. The most important thing is that, the E/M level should meet its key 
components or if it is selected based on time with the patient (counseling and coordination). You 
have to be careful in using this modifier. It must meet medical necessity. As you know, there are 
procedures that already includes all other care and management.

Let's describe this modifier 25:

A patient came in for her monthly follow up for her chronic back pain. At the same time, patient 
was complaining with severe headache. The pain doctor performed bilateral occipital block on 
the patient at the time of service. You will append modifier 25 for the E/M code to indicate that both 
services were rendered on the same day.

You don't use modifier 25 with E/M encounter that resulted to Decision for Surgery (we have 
another modifier for this!)

So, meaning, when you bill for $2000.00 and the insurance made their determination at 100% of your charges… you bill $2,000, they allowed $2,000 – would you be happy?
Honestly, if I see EOB like this, I will be very very nervous! Your provider could have been paid more than the practice submitted charges, isn’t it?

Interestingly, most of my readers said they’ll be happy if they were paid at 100% of their charges… now, would you?

What if the allowed amount could have been $2,500? – how much is the difference? Yep, $500! How can the payer allow $2,500 if you have only submitted a charged amount of $2,000?!
Make sense?

Ok, now, here’s the deal! — if you got paid at 100% based on your charged amount you should find out about your fee schedule or contracted rate or what is usual and customary if you are out of network provider. Make sure you know you are not under-charging the insurance payer.
But what if you have realized that you did under-charge the insurance payer? what will you do? can you recover the money that you could have been paid for? The answer is YES! you can recover that money!
Now, don’t wait too long! Take action immediately!

Based on my experience, you can go back as far as 3 years from the date the claims were paid. I haven’t tried more than 3 years of claim to recover due to undercharges! After all, just like the insurance payer, they can always go back as far as more than 3 years I think to recover overpayments. Or depending on where state you are located.
Pay attention on your EOBs! I think that’s the key. As soon as you discover there is an undercharging and you were paid 100% on your charged amount. Pick up the phone and call that insurance payer immediately.
Connect with us today, we will show you better strategies on how to run an effective revenue cycle management!

​Here are our Unlisted Service or Procedure Codes
A service encounter or surgical procedure may be provided that is not listed in this edition of the CPT code book. When reporting such a encounter or service, the appropriate “Unlisted Procedure” code may be used to indicate the service, identifying it by “Special Report” as discussed in the section below.

The “Unlisted Procedures” and accompanying codes for Surgery are as follows:
15999 Unlisted procedure, excision pressure ulcer
17999 Unlisted procedure, skin, mucous membrane and subcutaneous tissue
19499 Unlisted procedure, breast
20999 Unlisted procedure, musculoskeletal system, general
21089 Unlisted maxillofacial prosthetic procedure
21299 Unlisted craniofacial and maxillofacial procedure
21499 Unlisted musculoskeletal procedure, head
21899 Unlisted procedure, neck or thorax
22899 Unlisted procedure, spine
22999 Unlisted procedure, abdomen, musculoskeletal system
23929 Unlisted procedure, shoulder
24999 Unlisted procedure, humerus or elbow
25999 Unlisted procedure, forearm or wrist
26989 Unlisted procedure, hands or fingers
27299 Unlisted procedure, pelvis or hip joint
27599 Unlisted procedure, femur or knee
27899 Unlisted procedure, leg or ankle
28899 Unlisted procedure, foot or toes
29799 Unlisted procedure, casting or strapping
29999 Unlisted procedure, arthroscopy
30999 Unlisted procedure, nose
31299 Unlisted procedure, accessory sinuses
31599 Unlisted procedure, larynx
31899 Unlisted procedure, trachea, bronchi
32999 Unlisted procedure, lungs and pleura
33999 Unlisted procedure, cardiac surgery
36299 Unlisted procedure, vascular injection
37501 Unlisted vascular endoscopy procedure
37799 Unlisted procedure, vascular surgery
38129 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, spleen
38589 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, lymphatic system
38999 Unlisted procedure, hemic or lymphatic system
39499 Unlisted procedure, mediastinum
39599 Unlisted procedure, diaphragm
40799 Unlisted procedure, lips
40899 Unlisted procedure, vestibule of mouth
41599 Unlisted procedure, tongue, floor of mouth
41899 Unlisted procedure, dentoalveolar structures
42299 Unlisted procedure, palate, uvula
42699 Unlisted procedure, salivary glands or ducts
42999 Unlisted procedure, pharynx, adenoids, or tonsils
43289 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, esophagus
43499 Unlisted procedure, esophagus
43659 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, stomach
43999 Unlisted procedure, stomach

44238 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, intestine (except rectum)
44799 Unlisted procedure, intestine
44899 Unlisted procedure, Meckel’s diverticulum and the mesentery
44979 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, appendix
45399 Unlisted procedure, colon
45499 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, rectum
45999 Unlisted procedure, rectum
46999 Unlisted procedure, anus
47379 Unlisted laparoscopic procedure, liver
47399 Unlisted procedure, liver
47579 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, biliary tract
47999 Unlisted procedure, biliary tract
48999 Unlisted procedure, pancreas
49329 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, abdomen, peritoneum and omentum
49659 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, hernioplasty, herniorrhaphy, herniotomy
49999 Unlisted procedure, abdomen, peritoneum and omentum
50549 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, renal
50949 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, ureter
51999 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, bladder
53899 Unlisted procedure, urinary system
54699 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, testis
55559 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, spermatic cord
55899 Unlisted procedure, male genital system
58578 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, uterus
58579 Unlisted hysteroscopy procedure, uterus
58679 Unlisted laparoscopy procedure, oviduct, ovary

​Can you bill a Medicare Patient for Missed Appointment or No-Show?

When patients missed their appointments, it does cost you your time and your staff. In this article, you are wondering if you can bill Medicare when their beneficiaries missed and appointment or has no-show. Below you will find clarifications.

​According to Chapter 1, section 30.3.13 of the Medicare Claims Processing Manual, which is attached to CR5613, CMS policy allows physicians, providers, and suppliers to charge Medicare beneficiaries for missed appointments, provided that they do not discriminate against Medicare beneficiaries but also charge nonMedicare patients for missed appointments and the charges for Medicare and non-Medicare patient are the same. The charge for a missed appointment is not a charge for a service itself (to which the assignment and limiting charge provisions apply), but rather is a charge for a missed business opportunity. Therefore, if a physician's or supplier's missed appointment policy applies equally to all patients (Medicare and non-Medicare), then the Medicare law and regulations do not preclude the physician or supplier from charging the Medicare patient directly.
The other key points of CR5613 are:

• The provider may bill the Medicare beneficiary directly. • Medicare does not make any payments for missed appointment fees/charges that are imposed by providers, physicians, or other suppliers.
• Claims for missed appointments sent to Medicare will be denied with the reason code 204 (This service/equipment/drug is not covered under the patient’s current benefit plan.).
• In most instances, a hospital outpatient department can charge a beneficiary a missed appointment charge.
• In the event, however, that a hospital inpatient misses an appointment in the hospital outpatient department, it would violate 42 CFR 489.22 for the outpatient department to charge the beneficiary a missed appointment fee. 

According to Medicare guideline; "make certain that your billing staff is aware that you may bill the beneficiary directly, that Medicare itself does not make any payments for missed appointments, and that Medicare should not be billed for these charges".
"The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) policy is to allow physicians and suppliers to charge Medicare beneficiaries for missed appointments. However, Medicare itself does not pay for missed appointments, so such charges should not be billed to Medicare."
"Providers may not charge ONLY Medicare beneficiaries for missed appointments; they must also charge non-Medicare patients. The amount the physician/supplier charges Medicare beneficiaries for missed appointments must be the same as the amount that they charge non-Medicare patients.​"

Source: MLN: MM5613 Related Change Request Number: 5613

CMS Require Global Surgery Reporting for Post-Op Visits Effective July 01, 2017 from 9 States CMS now require providers who are part of a group practice with 10 or more providers; and are practicing in the State of Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Nevada, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon and Rhode Island to report CPT Code 99024 to indicate a post-operative visit during a 10-days or 90-days global surgical periods. This is required for surgeries performed on and after July 1st 2017.
Reporting Process for Post-Operative Visits CPT Code 99024

• Reporting is only required for post-operative encounters during the global surgical periods with the dates of service on or after July 1st 2017;
• Report the post operative encounters through the usual submission of your claims;
• Modifiers and Time Units are NOT required;
• You can add the CPT Code 99024 several times on the claim if the services rendered are within the applicable range of dates;
• Reporting is ONLY required if Medicare is Primary Payer and is traditional fee for service Medicare patients.

Qualifying Post-Surgical Visits and Place of Service:

• All Follow-up visits during the global surgical period (10-days or 90-days); post-operative services provided must be related with the original surgery;
• Place of service: (Hospitals, SNF, Physician Offices and Outpatient Clinics);
• If patients are at an eligible originating site, Telehealth encounters must also be reported.

 The CPT Codes for Required Global Surgery Reporting for CY 2017 can be found from CMS Website as a Downloadable File.

​Reference:
https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/PhysicianFeeSched/Global-Surgery-Data-Collection-.html

​Keypoints:

• Make sure you have identified medical necessity for a DME Durable Equipment Item
• Make sure you have documented the necessity
• Make sure you have a delivery receipt that the patient had received the DME Item
• Make sure you are reporting the right DME Item
• Make sure you are reporting the right place of service
• Make sure you have checked with your payer how they want you to report the DME Item on your Claims

RR — RENTAL. (USE THIS 'R' MODIFIER WHEN DME IS TO BE RENTED)
This modifier is used for DME items that are rented, and will be used for equipment in the following categories:

• Inexpensive or other Routinely purchased DME (IRP)
• Frequent or Substantial Servicing (FS)
• Certain customized items:
  • Other Prosthetic and Orthotic Devices (P & O)
  • Capped Rental Items (CR)
  • Oxygen and Oxygen Equipment

KH — DMEPOS ITEM, INITIAL CLAIM, PURCHASE OR FIRST MONTH RENTAL
This modifier is used for a capped rental DME item. When using the KH modifier, you are indicating you are billing for the first month of the capped rental period.
KJ — DMEPOS ITEM, PARENTERAL ENTERAL NUTRITION (PEN) PUMP OR CAPPED RENTAL, Month four to fifteen. This modifier is used for capped rental DME items. When using the KJ modifier, you are indicating you are billing for months four through thirteen/fifteen of the capped rental period.
KI — DMEPOS ITEM, SECOND OR THIRD MONTH RENTAL
This modifier is used for capped rental DME items. When using the KI modifier, you are indicating you are billing for the second and/or third month of the capped rental period
A8 — DRESSING FOR EIGHT WOUNDS. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
A5 — DRESSING FOR FIVE WOUNDS. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
A4 — DRESSING FOR FOUR WOUNDS. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
A9 — DRESSING FOR NINE OR MORE WOUNDS. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
A1 — DRESSING FOR ONE WOUND. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
A7 — DRESSING FOR SEVEN WOUNDS. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
A6 — DRESSING FOR SIX WOUNDS. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
A3 — DRESSING FOR THREE WOUNDS. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
A2 — DRESSING FOR TWO WOUNDS. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
Surgical dressing codes billed without modifiers A1-A9 (see Coding Guidelines) are noncovered under the Surgical Dressings benefit. Certain dressings may be covered under other benefits.
KA — ADD ON OPTION/ACCESSORY FOR WHEELCHAIR (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1994)
JA — ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/2007)
N/A
JB — ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/2007)
For all immune globulin (J1559, J1561, J1562, J1569) and associated infusion pump (E0779) claims where the route of administration is subcutaneous, a JB modifier must be added to each HCPCS code.
VP — APHAKIC PATIENT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1984)
N/A
TW — BACK-UP EQUIPMENT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/2003)
N/A
KB — BENEFICIARY REQUESTED UPGRADE FOR ABN, MORE THAN 4 MODIFIERS IDENTIFIED ON CLAIM. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
N/A
KT — BENEFICIARY RESIDES IN A COMPETITIVE BIDDING AREA AND TRAVELS OUTSIDE THAT COMPETITIVE BIDDING AREA AND RECEIVES A COMPETITIVE BID ITEM (UPDATED DATE 04/01/2008
N/A
KE — BID UNDER ROUND ONE OF THE DMEPOS COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROGRAM FOR USE WITH NON-COMPETITIVE BID BASE EQUIPMENT (EFFECTIVE 01/01/2009)
This is a pricing modifier and it used with certain items that may be used with competitive or non-competitive bid items. Use of the KE indicates the 9.5% reduction should not affect your reimbursement.
CR — CATASTROPHE/DISASTER RELATED
For use by providers that have been granted a formal waiver under §1135 of the Social Security Act and then only for services affected by the emergency and while the waiver remains in effect.
QQ — CLAIM SUBMITTED WITH A WRITTEN STATEMENT OF INTENT
CT — COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SERVICES FURNISHED USING EQUIPMENT THAT DOES NOT MEET EACH OF THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONS (NEMA) XR-29-2013 STANDARD
N/A
PD — DIAGNOSTIC OR RELATED NON DIAGNOSTIC ITEM OR SERVICE PROVIDED IN A WHOLLY OWNED OR OPERATED ENITY TO A PATIENT WHO IS ADMITTED AS AN INPATIENT WITHIN 3 DAYS (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/2012)
KL — DMEPOS ITEM DELIVERED VIA MAIL (EFFECTIVE DATE 07/01/2007)
When using this modifier, you are indicating you have delivered your supplies via mail. This modifier must only be used with diabetic supplies.
KG — DMEPOS ITEM SUBJECT TO DMEPOS COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROGRAM NUMBER 1 (EFFECTIVE DATE 07/01/2007)
KK — DMEPOS ITEM SUBJECT TO DMEPOS COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROGRAM NUMBER 2 (EFFECTIVE DATE 07/01/2007)
KU — DMEPOS ITEM SUBJECT TO DMEPOS COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROGRAM NUMBER 3 (EFFECTIVE DATE 07/01/2007)
N/A
KW — DMEPOS ITEM SUBJECT TO DMEPOS COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROGRAM NUMBER 4 (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
N/A
KY — DMEPOS ITEM SUBJECT TO DMEPOS COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROGRAM NUMBER 5 (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
N/A
KV — DMEPOS ITEM SUBJECT TO DMEPOS COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROGRAM THAT IS FURNISHED AS PART OF A PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
N/A
J4 — DMEPOS ITEM SUBJECT TO DMEPOS COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROGRAM THAT IS FURNISHED BY A HOSPITAL UPON DISCHARGE (EFFECTIVE 01/01/2010)


JW — DRUG AMOUNT DISCARDED/NOT ADMINISTERED TO ANY PATIENT (EFFECTIVE 01/01/2003)
For CGS DMEMAC claims, the JW modifier is not required for discarded drugs and biologicals.
KD — DRUG OR BIOLOGICAL INFUSED THOUGH DME. (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/04)
RD — DRUG PROVIDED TO BENEFICIARY, BUT NOT ADMINISTERED 
EM — EMERGENCY RESERVE SUPPLY (FOR ESRD BENEFIT ONLY).
ET — EMERGENCY SERVICES
EA — ERYTHROPOETIC STIMULATING AGENT (ESA) ADMINISTERED TO TREAT ANEMIA DUE TO ANTI-CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
EB — ERYTHROPOETIC STIMULATING AGENT (ESA) ADMINISTERED TO TREAT ANEMIA DUE TO ANTI-CANCER RADIOTHERAPY (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
EC — ERYTHROPOETIC STIMULATING AGENT (ESA) ADMINISTERED TO TREAT ANEMIA NOT DUE TO ANTI-CANCER RADIOTHERAPY OR ANTI-CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
EX — EXPATRIATE BENEFICIARY
Effective July 1, 2016, use this modifier to bill Medicare for purchased only DMEPOS items that are furnished to expatriate beneficiaries. By attaching the EX modifier, the supplier is attesting that the benefidicary is an expatriate beneficiary, and that the item was delivered/furnished while the beneficiary is present in the U.S., and all other billing criteria has been met.
QA — FDA INVESTIGATIONAL DEVICE EXEMPTION (ENDS 12/31/2007)
KP — FIRST DRUG OF A MULTIPLE DRUG UNIT DOSE FORMULATION
When there is a single drug in a unit dose container, the KO modifier is added to the unit dose form code. (Exception: The KO modifier is not used with code J2545 or Q4080.) Except for code J7620, when two or more drugs are combined and dispensed to the patient in the same unit dose container, each of the drugs is billed using its unit dose form code. The KP modifier is added to only one of the unit dose form codes and the KQ modifier is added to the other unit dose code(s). Whenever a unit dose form code is billed, it must have a KO, KP or KQ modifier. (Exception: The KO, KP and KQ modifiers should not be used with code J7620.) If a unit dose code does not have one of these modifiers, it will be denied as an invalid code. The KO, KP, and KQ modifiers are not used with the concentrated form codes. The only FDA-approved unit dose preparation containing more than one drug is J7620, the combination of albuterol and ipratropium. Therefore, if the following FDA-approved unit dose codes are billed with a KP or KQ modifier, they will be rejected as invalid for claim submission: J2545, J7608, J7613, J7614, J7626, J7631, J7639, J7644, J7649, J7659, J7669, J7682, Q4080, and Q4080.
RE — FURNISHED IN FULL COMPLIANCE WITH FDA-MANDATED RISK EVALUATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGY (REMS) (EFFECTIVE 01/01/2009)
KS — GLUCOSE MONITOR SUPPLY FOR DIABETIC BENEFICIARY NOT TREATED WITH INSULIN
If the patient is not being treated with insulin injections, the KS modifier must be added to the code for the monitor and each related supply on every claim submitted.
ED — HEMATOCRIT LEVEL HAS EXCEEDED 39% (OR HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HAS EXCEEDED 13.0 G/DL) FOR 3 OR MORE CONSECUTIVE BILLING CYCLES IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO AND INCLUDING THE CURRENT CYCLE (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
EE — HEMATOCRIT LEVEL HAS NOT EXCEEDED 39% (OR HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HAS NOT EXCEEDED 13.0 G/DL) FOR 3 OR MORE CONSECUTIVE BILLING CYCLES IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO AND INCLUDING THE CURRENT CYCLE (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
Q0 — INVESTIGATIONAL CLINICAL SERVICE PROVIDED IN A CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDY THAT IS IN AN APPROVED CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDY (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
KF — ITEM DESIGNATED BY FDA AS CLASS III DEVICES. (EFFECTIVE DATE 04/01/04)
AV — ITEM FURNISHED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A PROSTHETIC DEVICE, PROSTHETIC OR ORTHOTIC. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
AW — ITEM FURNISHED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SURGICAL DRESSING. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
AU — ITEM FURNISHED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A UROLOGICAL, OSTOMY, OR TRACHEOSTOMY SUPPLY. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
This modifier is used specifically with codes A4450, A4452, and A5120.
AX — ITEM FURNISHED IN CONJUNCTION WITH DIALYSIS SERVICES. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
BA — ITEM FURNISHED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PARENTERAL ENTERAL NUTRITION (PEN) SERVICES. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
When an IV pole (E0776) is used in conjunction with parenteral nutrition, the BA modifier should be added to the code. Code E0776 is the only code with which the BA modifier may be used.
GZ — ITEM OR SERVICE EXPECTED TO BE DENIED AS NOT REASONABLE OR NECESSARY. (EFFECTIVE 1/1/2002)
AY — ITEM OR SERVICE FURNISHED TO AN ESRD PATIENT THAT IS NOT FOR THE TREATMENT OF ESRD (EFFECTIVE 01/01/2011)
QV — ITEM OR SERVICE PROVIDED AS ROUTINE CARE IN A MEDICARE QUALIFYING CLINICAL TRAIL (ENDS 12/31/2007)
GY — ITEM OR SERVICE STATUTORILY EXCLUDED, DOES NOT MEET THE DEFINITION OF ANY MEDICARE BENEFIT OR, FOR NON-MEDICARE INSURERS, IS NOT A CONTRACT BENEFIT (UPDATED 1/1/2008)
FB — ITEM PROVIDED W/O COST TO PROVIDER, SUPPLIER OR PRACTITIONER, OR FULL CREDIT RECEIVED FOR REPLACED DEVICE (UPDATED 1/1/2008)
QR — ITEM/SERVICE IN MEDICARE STUDY - OXYGEN (ENDS 12/31/2007)
T4 — LEFT FOOT, FIFTH DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
T3 — LEFT FOOT, FOURTH DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
TA — LEFT FOOT, GREAT TOE (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
T1 — LEFT FOOT, SECOND DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
T2 — LEFT FOOT, THIRD DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
F3 — LEFT HAND, FOURTH DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
F1 — LEFT HAND, SECOND DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
F2 — LEFT HAND, THIRD DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
FA — LEFT HAND, THUMB (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
LT — LEFT SIDE. (USED TO IDENTIFY ITEM PROVIDED FOR THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BODY.)
N/A
K0 — LOWER EXTREMITY PROSTHESIS FUNCTIONAL LEVEL 0
DOES NOT HAVE THE ABILITY OR POTENTIAL TO AMBULATE OR TRANSFER SAFELY WITH OR WITHOUT ASSISTANCE AND A PROSTHESIS DOES NOT ENHANCE THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE OR MOBILITY.
K1 — LOWER EXTREMITY PROSTHESIS FUNCTIONAL LEVEL 1
HAS THE ABILITY OR POTENTIAL TO USE A PROSTHESIS FOR TRANSFERS OR AMBULATION ON LEVEL SURFACES AT FIXED CADENCE. TYPICAL OF THE LIMITED AND UNLIMITED HOUSEHOLD AMBULATOR.
K2 — LOWER EXTREMITY PROSTHESIS FUNCTIONAL LEVEL 2
HAS THE ABILITY OR POTENTIAL FOR AMBULATION WITH THE ABILITY TO TRAVERSE LOW LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIERS SUCH AS CURBS, STAIRS OR UNEVEN SURFACES. TYPICAL OF THE LIMITED COMMUNITY AMBULATOR.
K3 — LOWER EXTREMITY PROSTHESIS FUNCTIONAL LEVEL 3
HAS THE ABILITY OR POTENTIAL FOR AMBULATION WITH VARIABLE CADENCE. TYPICAL OF THE COMMUNITY AMBULATOR WHO HAS THE ABILITY TO TRANSVERSE MOST ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIERS AND MAY HAVE VOCATIONAL, THERAPEUTIC OR EXERCISE ACTIVITY THAT DEMANDS PROSTHETIC UTILIZATION BEYOND SIMPLE LOCOMOTION.
K4 — LOWER PROSTHESIS FUNCTIONAL LEVEL 4
HAS THE ABILITY OR POTENTIAL FOR PROSTHETIC AMBULATION THAT EXCEEDS THE BASIC AMBULATION SKILLS, EXHIBITING HIGH IMPACT, STRESS, OR ENERGY LEVELS, TYPICAL OF THE PROSTHETIC DEMANDS OF THE CHILD, ACTIVE ADULT, OR ATHLETE.
SC — MEDICALLY NECESSARY SERVICE OR SUPPLY (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/2001)
GL — MEDICALLY UNNECESSARY UPGRADE PROVIDED INSTEAD OF NON-UPGRADED ITEM, NO CHARGE, NO ADVANCE BENEFICIARY NOTICE (ABN) (UPDATED 1/1/2008)
M2 — MEDICARE SECONDARY PAYER (MSP) (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/2007)
99 — MODIFIER OVERFLOW. (EFFECTIVE DATE 7/1/2003)
This modifier is used when you have exhausted the modifier field on the claim form. If you need additional room to add modifiers, append the 99 modifier to the last available field and include a narrative of other modifiers needed on the claim.
NB — NEBULIZER SYSTEM, ANY TYPE, FDA-CLEARED FOR USE WITH SPECIFIC DRUG (EFFECTIVE 01/01/2011)
NU — NEW DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PURCHASE.
This modifier is used for new DME items that are purchased. When using the NU modifier, you are indicating you have furnished the beneficiary with a new (never used) piece of equipment.
NR — NEW WHEN RENTED
EY — NO PHYSICIAN OR OTHER LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROVIDER ORDER FOR THIS ITEM OR SERVICE. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
If you do not have a prescription from the physician prior to billing Medicare, you must append the EY modifier to your claim
GX — NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED, VOLUNTARY UNDER PAYER POLICY (EFFECTIVE 04/01/2010)
ZA — NOVARTIS/SANDOZ
BO — ORALLY ADMINISTERED NUTRITION, NOT BY FEEDING TUBE. (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)
When enteral nutrients (B4149-B4162) are administered by mouth, the BO modifier must be added to the code.
QH — OXYGEN CONSERVING DEVICE IS BEING USED WITH AN OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEM.
FC — PARTIAL CREDIT RECEIVED FOR REPLACED DEVICE (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
CG — POLICY CRITERIA APPLIED (EFFECTIVE DATE 07/01/2008)
Effective for claims with dates of service on or after July 1, 2010, if an L3923 orthosis has a rigid plastic or metal component, the supplier must add the CG modifier (policy criteria applied) to the code. Claims for L3923 billed without a CG modifier will be rejected as incorrect coding. The CG modifier must be added to code L0450, L0454, L0455, L0621, L0625, or L0628 only if it is one made primarily of nonelastic material (e.g., canvas, cotton or nylon) or having a rigid posterior panel.
QF — PRESCRIBED AMOUNT OF OXYGEN EXCEEDS 4 LPM AND PORTABLE OXYGEN IS PRESCRIBED.
These modifiers may only be used with stationary gaseous (E0424) or liquid (E0439) systems or with an oxygen concentrator (E1390, E1391). They must not be used with codes for portable systems or oxygen contents.
QG — PRESCRIBED AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IS GREATER THAN 4 LITERS PER MINUTE (LPM).
These modifiers may only be used with stationary gaseous (E0424) or liquid (E0439) systems or with an oxygen concentrator (E1390, E1391). They must not be used with codes for portable systems or oxygen contents.
QE — PRESCRIBED AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IS LESS THAN 1 LITER PER MINUTE (LPM).
This modifier may only be used with stationary gaseous (E0424) or liquid (E0439) systems or with an oxygen concentrator (E1390, E1391). They must not be used with codes for portable systems or oxygen contents
CC — PROCEDURE CODE CHANGE (USE 'CC' WHEN THE PROCEDURE CODE SUBMITTED WAS CHANGED EITHER FOR ADMINISTRATIVE REASONS OR BECAUSE AN INCORRECT CODE WAS FILED). (SUPPLIERS SHOULD NOT SUBMIT MODIFIER CC.)
PL — PROGRESSIVE ADDITION LENSES (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/89)
GK — REASONABLE AND NECESSARY ITEM/SERVICE ASSOCIATED WITH A GA OR GZ MODIFIER (UPDATED 1/1/2008)
KR — RENTAL ITEM, BILLING FOR PARTIAL MONTH.
RP — REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR. (DELETED EFFECTIVE 12/31/2008)
RP MAY BE USED TO INDICATE REPLACEMENT OF DME, ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES, WHICH HAVE BEEN IN USE FOR SOMETIME.
RA — REPLACEMENT OF A DME ITEM (EFFECTIVE 01/01/2009)
Claims for replacement of DME items should include the RA modifer for dates of service on or after January 1, 2009.
RB — REPLACEMENT OF A PART OF DME FURNISHED AS PART OF A REPAIR (EFFECTIVE 01/01/2009)
KM — REPLACEMENT OF FACIAL PROSTHESIS INCLUDING NEW IMPRESSION/MOULAGE
KN — REPLACEMENT OF FACIAL PROSTHESIS USING PREVIOUS MASTER MODEL
KC — REPLACEMENT OF SPECIAL POWER WHEELCHAIR INTERFACE. (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/05)
T9 — RIGHT FOOT, FIFTH DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
T8 — RIGHT FOOT, FOURTH DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
T5 — RIGHT FOOT, GREAT TOE (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
T6 — RIGHT FOOT, SECOND DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
T7 — RIGHT FOOT, THIRD DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1830 or E1831. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
F9 — RIGHT HAND, FIFTH DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
F8 — RIGHT HAND, FOURTH DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
F6 — RIGHT HAND, SECOND DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
F7 — RIGHT HAND, THIRD DIGIT (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
F5 — RIGHT HAND, THUMB (EFFECTIVE DATE 01/01/1995)
Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2015, use with devices coded with HCPCS code E1825. Failure to append the modifier will result in a rejection for incorrect coding.
RT — RIGHT SIDE (USED TO IDENTIFY PROCEDURES PERFORMED ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BODY).
Q1 — ROUTINE CLINICAL SERVICE PROVIDED IN A CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDY THAT IS IN AN APPROVED CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDY (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2008)
KQ — SECOND OR SUBSEQUENT DRUG OF A MULTIPLE DRUG UNIT DOSE FORMULATION
When there is a single drug in a unit dose container, the KO modifier is added to the unit dose form code. (Exception: The KO modifier is not used with code J2545 or Q4080.) Except for code J7620, when two or more drugs are combined and dispensed to the patient in the same unit dose container, each of the drugs is billed using its unit dose form code. The KP modifier is added to only one of the unit dose form codes and the KQ modifier is added to the other unit dose code(s). Whenever a unit dose form code is billed, it must have a KO, KP or KQ modifier. (Exception: The KO, KP and KQ modifiers should not be used with code J7620.) If a unit dose code does not have one of these modifiers, it will be denied as an invalid code. The KO, KP, and KQ modifiers are not used with the concentrated form codes. The only FDA-approved unit dose preparation containing more than one drug is J7620, the combination of albuterol and ipratropium. Therefore, if the following FDA-approved unit dose codes are billed with a KP or KQ modifier, they will be rejected as invalid for claim submission: J2545, J7608, J7613, J7614, J7626, J7631, J7639, J7644, J7649, J7659, J7669, J7682, Q4080, and Q4080.
GW — SERVICE NOT RELATED TO THE HOSPICE PATIENT'S TERMINAL CONDITION. (USED FOR MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PLANS CLAIMS)
QJ — SERVICE/ITEMS PROVIDED TO A PRISONER OR PATIENT IN STATE OR LOCAL CUSTODY, HOWEVER THE STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AS APPLICABLE, MEETS THE REQUIREMENT IN 42 CFR 411.1(B). (EFFECTIVE DATE 1/1/2003)

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
“Obesity, a common and costly health issue, affects more than one-third of adults and 17 percent of youth in the United States. “
By the numbers, 78 million adults and 12 million children are obese—figures many regard as an epidemic.

​Being obese increases the risk for heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes—the first, fourth and seventh leading causes of death, respectively—and contributes to more than one in five cancer-related deaths. Obesity-related health care spending continues to grow, with researchers estimating medical costs at $147 billion annually, including $7 billion for Medicare prescription drugs.

The American Medical Association recognized obesity as a disease in 2013 and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended obesity prevention, assessment and patient counseling in 2007.

Medicare first recognized obesity as a medical condition in 2004 and began covering interventions when scientific evidence demonstrated their effectiveness.
In 2011, Medicare issued a Coverage Decision memorandum outlining requirements for intensive behavioral counseling and therapy for beneficiaries affected by obesity.

As of January 2012, Medicare and most private insurers cover obesity screening and behavioral counseling. In addition, as of Jan.1, 2014, the ACA requires: No consumer cost- sharing. Most insurance plans in all 50 states are required to cover certain services with no cost-sharing, including obesity screening and counseling for all adults and children. This includes no annual deductible amount, no enrollee copayments or coinsurance. Premium surcharges for being obese are prohibited in most insurance policies in all 50 states, including those sold through exchanges.
Source: http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/aca-and-health-mandates-for-obesity.aspx
​

The 2017 code set revises this code by removing moderate sedation, also called conscious sedation, from this procedure. Use of moderate (conscious) sedation is no longer considered an inherent (bundled) / part of the procedure and can now be reported separately.
Prior to the 2017 change, reimbursement for moderate (conscious) sedation was built into the compensation for the procedure as the anesthesia was administered by the same physician or other qualified health care professional who performed the procedure. This code included conscious sedation as an inherent part of providing the service and was not separately reportable. It has been recognized that practice patterns for some procedures have changed, with anesthesia increasingly reported separately by a provider separate from the one who performs the procedure. For this reason, CPT® 2017 unbundles moderate (conscious) sedation from hundreds of codes.
​To report moderate (conscious) sedation when provided by the same physician or other qualified health care professional who performs the procedure, see new CPT® 2017 codes 99151, 99152, or 99153. To report moderate (conscious) sedation services provided by a physician or other qualified health care professional other than the provider performing the procedure, see new CPT® 2017 codes 99155, 99156, or 99157. For 2017, existing CPT® codes for moderate sedation, 99143-99150, have been deleted.

0200T Percutaneous sacral augmentation (sacroplasty), unilateral injection(s), including the use of a balloon or mechanical device, when used, 1 or more needles, includes imaging guidance and bone biopsy, when performed
0201T Percutaneous sacral augmentation (sacroplasty), bilateral injections, including the use of a balloon or mechanical device, when used, 2 or more needles, includes imaging guidance and bone biopsy, when performed
0293T Insertion of left atrial hemodynamic monitor; complete system, includes implanted communication module and pressure sensor lead in left atrium
including transseptal access, radiological supervision and interpretation, and associated injection procedures, when performed
0294T Insertion of left atrial hemodynamic monitor; pressure sensor lead at time of insertion of pacing cardioverter-defibrillator pulse generator including radiological supervision and interpretation and associated injection procedures, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
0301T Destruction/reduction of malignant breast tumor with externally applied focused microwave, including interstitial placement of disposable catheter with combined temperature monitoring probe and microwave focusing sensocatheter under ultrasound thermotherapy guidance
0302T Insertion or removal and replacement of intracardiac ischemia monitoring system including imaging supervision and interpretation when performed and intra-operative interrogation and programming when performed; complete system (includes device and electrode)
0303T Insertion or removal and replacement of intracardiac ischemia monitoring system including imaging supervision and interpretation when performed and intra-operative interrogation and programming when performed; electrode only
0304T Insertion or removal and replacement of intracardiac ischemia monitoring system including imaging supervision and interpretation when performed and intra-operative interrogation and programming when performed; device only
0307T Removal of intracardiac ischemia monitoring device
0308T Insertion of ocular telescope prosthesis including removal of crystalline lens or intraocular lens prosthesis
0335T Extra-osseous subtalar joint implant for talotarsal stabilization
0340T Ablation, pulmonary tumor(s), including pleura or chest wall when involved by tumor extension, percutaneous, cryoablation, unilateral, includes imaging guidance
0397T Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with optical endomicroscopy (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
10030 Image-guided fluid collection drainage by catheter (eg, abscess, hematoma, seroma, lymphocele, cyst), soft tissue (eg, extremity, abdominal wall, neck), percutaneous
20982 Ablation therapy for reduction or eradication of 1 or more bone tumors (eg, metastasis) including adjacent soft tissue when involved by tumor
extension, percutaneous, including imaging guidance when performed; radiofrequency
20983 Ablation therapy for reduction or eradication of 1 or more bone tumors (eg, metastasis) including adjacent soft tissue when involved by tumor
extension, percutaneous, including imaging guidance when performed; cryoablation
22510 Percutaneous vertebroplasty (bone biopsy included when performed), 1 vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral injection, inclusive of all imaging guidance; cervicothoracic
22511 Percutaneous vertebroplasty (bone biopsy included when performed), 1 vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral injection, inclusive of all imaging guidance; lumbosacral
22512 Percutaneous vertebroplasty (bone biopsy included when performed), 1 vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral injection, inclusive of all imaging guidance; each additional cervicothoracic or lumbosacral vertebral body (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
22513 Percutaneous vertebral augmentation, including cavity creation (fracture reduction and bone biopsy included when performed) using mechanical
device (eg, kyphoplasty), 1 vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral cannulation, inclusive of all imaging guidance; thoracic
22514 Percutaneous vertebral augmentation, including cavity creation (fracture reduction and bone biopsy included when performed) using mechanical
device (eg, kyphoplasty), 1 vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral cannulation, inclusive of all imaging guidance; lumbar
22515 Percutaneous vertebral augmentation, including cavity creation (fracture reduction and bone biopsy included when performed) using mechanical
device (eg, kyphoplasty), 1 vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral cannulation, inclusive of all imaging guidance; each additional thoracic or lumbar vertebral body (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
22526 Percutaneous intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty, unilateral or bilateral including fluoroscopic guidance; single level
22527 Percutaneous intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty, unilateral or bilateral including fluoroscopic guidance; 1 or more additional levels (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision
31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)
31623 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with brushing or protected brushings
31624 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with bronchial alveolar lavage
31625 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with bronchial or endobronchial biopsy(s), single or multiple sites
31626 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with placement of fiducial markers, single or multiple
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes
31627 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with computer-assisted, image-guided navigation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure[s])
31628 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with transbronchial lung biopsy(s), single lobe
31629 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy(s), trachea, main stem and/or lobar bronchus(i)
31632 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with transbronchial lung biopsy(s), each additional lobe (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
31633 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy(s), each additional lobe (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
31634 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with balloon occlusion, with assessment of air leak, with
administration of occlusive substance (eg, fibrin glue), if performed
31635 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with removal of foreign body
31645 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with therapeutic aspiration of tracheobronchial tree, initial (eg, drainage of lung abscess)
31646 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with therapeutic aspiration of tracheobronchial tree, subsequent
31647 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with balloon occlusion, when performed, assessment of air leak, airway sizing, and insertion of bronchial valve(s), initial lobe
31648 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with removal of bronchial valve(s), initial lobe
31649 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with removal of bronchial valve(s), each additional lobe (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
31651 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with balloon occlusion, when performed, assessment of air leak, airway sizing, and insertion of bronchial valve(s), each additional lobe (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure[s])
31652 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided transtracheal and/or transbronchial sampling (eg, aspiration[s]/biopsy[ies]), one or two mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node stations or structures
31653 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided transtracheal and/or transbronchial sampling (eg, aspiration[s]/biopsy[ies]), 3 or more mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node stations or structures
31654 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with transendoscopic endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) during bronchoscopic diagnostic or therapeutic intervention(s) for peripheral lesion(s) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure[s])
31660 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with bronchial thermoplasty, 1 lobe
31661 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with bronchial thermoplasty, 2 or more lobes
31725 Catheter aspiration (separate procedure); tracheobronchial with fiberscope, bedside
32405 Biopsy, lung or mediastinum, percutaneous needle
32550 Insertion of indwelling tunneled pleural catheter with cuff
32551 Tube thoracostomy, includes connection to drainage system (eg, water seal), when performed, open (separate procedure)
32553 Placement of interstitial device(s) for radiation therapy guidance (eg, fiducial markers, dosimeter), percutaneous, intra-thoracic, single or multiple
33010 Pericardiocentesis; initial
33011 Pericardiocentesis; subsequent
33206 Insertion of new or replacement of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrode(s); atrial
33207 Insertion of new or replacement of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrode(s); ventricular
33208 Insertion of new or replacement of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrode(s); atrial and ventricular
33210 Insertion or replacement of temporary transvenous single chamber cardiac electrode or pacemaker catheter (separate procedure)
33211 Insertion or replacement of temporary transvenous dual chamber pacing electrodes (separate procedure)
33212 Insertion of pacemaker pulse generator only; with existing single lead
33213 Insertion of pacemaker pulse generator only; with existing dual leads
33214 Upgrade of implanted pacemaker system, conversion of single chamber system to dual chamber system (includes removal of previously placed pulse
generator, testing of existing lead, insertion of new lead, insertion of new pulse generator)
33216 Insertion of a single transvenous electrode, permanent pacemaker or implantable defibrillator
33217 Insertion of 2 transvenous electrodes, permanent pacemaker or implantable defibrillator
33218 Repair of single transvenous electrode, permanent pacemaker or implantable defibrillator
33220 Repair of 2 transvenous electrodes for permanent pacemaker or implantable defibrillator
33221 Insertion of pacemaker pulse generator only; with existing multiple leads
33222 Relocation of skin pocket for pacemaker
33223 Relocation of skin pocket for implantable defibrillator
33227 Removal of permanent pacemaker pulse generator with replacement of pacemaker pulse generator; single lead system
33228 Removal of permanent pacemaker pulse generator with replacement of pacemaker pulse generator; dual lead system
33229 Removal of permanent pacemaker pulse generator with replacement of pacemaker pulse generator; multiple lead system
33230 Insertion of implantable defibrillator pulse generator only; with existing dual leads
33231 Insertion of implantable defibrillator pulse generator only; with existing multiple leads
33233 Removal of permanent pacemaker pulse generator only
33234 Removal of transvenous pacemaker electrode(s); single lead system, atrial or ventricular
33235 Removal of transvenous pacemaker electrode(s); dual lead system
33240 Insertion of implantable defibrillator pulse generator only; with existing single lead
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes
33241 Removal of implantable defibrillator pulse generator only
33244 Removal of single or dual chamber implantable defibrillator electrode(s); by transvenous extraction
33249 Insertion or replacement of permanent implantable defibrillator system, with transvenous lead(s), single or dual chamber
33262 Removal of implantable defibrillator pulse generator with replacement of implantable defibrillator pulse generator; single lead system
33263 Removal of implantable defibrillator pulse generator with replacement of implantable defibrillator pulse generator; dual lead system
33264 Removal of implantable defibrillator pulse generator with replacement of implantable defibrillator pulse generator; multiple lead system
33282 Implantation of patient-activated cardiac event recorder
33284 Removal of an implantable, patient-activated cardiac event recorder
33990 Insertion of ventricular assist device, percutaneous including radiological supervision and interpretation; arterial access only
33991 Insertion of ventricular assist device, percutaneous including radiological supervision and interpretation; both arterial and venous access, with transseptal puncture
33992 Removal of percutaneous ventricular assist device at separate and distinct session from insertion
33993 Repositioning of percutaneous ventricular assist device with imaging guidance at separate and distinct session from insertion
36010 Introduction of catheter, superior or inferior vena cava
36140 Introduction of needle or intracatheter; extremity artery
36200 Introduction of catheter, aorta
36221 Non-selective catheter placement, thoracic aorta, with angiography of the extracranial carotid, vertebral, and/or intracranial vessels, unilateral or bilateral, and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, includes angiography of the cervicocerebral arch, when performed
36222 Selective catheter placement, common carotid or innominate artery, unilateral, any approach, with angiography of the ipsilateral extracranial carotid circulation and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, includes angiography of the cervicocerebral arch, when performed
36223 Selective catheter placement, common carotid or innominate artery, unilateral, any approach, with angiography of the ipsilateral intracranial carotid circulation and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, includes angiography of the extracranial carotid and cervicocerebral arch, when performed
36224 Selective catheter placement, internal carotid artery, unilateral, with angiography of the ipsilateral intracranial carotid circulation and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, includes angiography of the extracranial carotid and cervicocerebral arch, when performed
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes
36225 Selective catheter placement, subclavian or innominate artery, unilateral, with angiography of the ipsilateral vertebral circulation and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, includes angiography of the cervicocerebral arch, when performed
36226 Selective catheter placement, vertebral artery, unilateral, with angiography of the ipsilateral vertebral circulation and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, includes angiography of the cervicocerebral arch, when performed
36227 Selective catheter placement, external carotid artery, unilateral, with angiography of the ipsilateral external carotid circulation and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
36228 Selective catheter placement, each intracranial branch of the internal carotid or vertebral arteries, unilateral, with angiography of the selected vessel circulation and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation (eg, middle cerebral artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
36245 Selective catheter placement, arterial system; each first order abdominal, pelvic, or lower extremity artery branch, within a vascular family
36246 Selective catheter placement, arterial system; initial second order abdominal, pelvic, or lower extremity artery branch, within a vascular family
36247 Selective catheter placement, arterial system; initial third order or more selective abdominal, pelvic, or lower extremity artery branch, within a vascular family
36248 Selective catheter placement, arterial system; additional second order, third order, and beyond, abdominal, pelvic, or lower extremity artery branch, within a vascular family (List in addition to code for initial second or third order vessel as appropriate)
36251 Selective catheter placement (first-order), main renal artery and any accessory renal artery(s) for renal angiography, including arterial puncture and catheter placement(s), fluoroscopy, contrast injection(s), image postprocessing, permanent recording of images, and radiological supervision and interpretation, including pressure gradient measurements when performed, and flush aortogram when performed; unilateral
36252 Selective catheter placement (first-order), main renal artery and any accessory renal artery(s) for renal angiography, including arterial puncture and catheter placement(s), fluoroscopy, contrast injection(s), image postprocessing, permanent recording of images, and radiological supervision and interpretation, including pressure gradient measurements when performed, and flush aortogram when performed; bilateral
36253 Superselective catheter placement (one or more second order or higher renal artery branches) renal artery and any accessory renal artery(s) for renal angiography, including arterial puncture, catheterization, fluoroscopy, contrast injection(s), image postprocessing, permanent recording of images, and radiological supervision and interpretation, including pressure gradient measurements when performed, and flush aortogram when performed; unilateral
36254 Superselective catheter placement (one or more second order or higher renal artery branches) renal artery and any accessory renal artery(s) for renal angiography, including arterial puncture, catheterization, fluoroscopy, contrast injection(s), image postprocessing, permanent recording of images, and radiological supervision and interpretation, including pressure gradient measurements when performed, and flush aortogram when performed; bilateral
36481 Percutaneous portal vein catheterization by any method
36555 Insertion of non-tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter; younger than 5 years of age
36557 Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump; younger than 5 years of age
36558 Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump; age 5 years or older
36560 Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port; younger than 5 years of age
36561 Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port; age 5 years or older
36563 Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device with subcutaneous pump
36565 Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, requiring 2 catheters via 2 separate venous access sites; without subcutaneous port or pump (eg, Tesio type catheter)
36566 Insertion of tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, requiring 2 catheters via 2 separate venous access sites; with subcutaneous port(s)
36568 Insertion of peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC), without subcutaneous port or pump; younger than 5 years of age
2017 CPT Code Updates (New, Revised and Deleted) – Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes
36570 Insertion of peripherally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port; younger than 5 years of age
36571 Insertion of peripherally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port; age 5 years or older
36576 Repair of central venous access device, with subcutaneous port or pump, central or peripheral insertion site
36578 Replacement, catheter only, of central venous access device, with subcutaneous port or pump, central or peripheral insertion site
36581 Replacement, complete, of a tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter, without subcutaneous port or pump, through same venous access
36582 Replacement, complete, of a tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port, through same venous access
36583 Replacement, complete, of a tunneled centrally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous pump, through same venous access
36585 Replacement, complete, of a peripherally inserted central venous access device, with subcutaneous port, through same venous access
36590 Removal of tunneled central venous access device, with subcutaneous port or pump, central or peripheral insertion
37183 Revision of transvenous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(s) (TIPS) (includes venous access, hepatic and portal vein catheterization, portography with hemodynamic evaluation, intrahepatic tract recanulization/dilatation, stent placement and all associated imaging guidance and documentation)
37184 Primary percutaneous transluminal mechanical thrombectomy, noncoronary, non-intracranial, arterial or arterial bypass graft, including fluoroscopic guidance and intraprocedural pharmacological thrombolytic injection(s); initial vessel
37185 Primary percutaneous transluminal mechanical thrombectomy, noncoronary, non-intracranial, arterial or arterial bypass graft, including fluoroscopic guidance and intraprocedural pharmacological thrombolytic injection(s); second and all subsequent vessel(s) within the same vascular family (List separately in addition to code for primary mechanical thrombectomy procedure)
37186 Secondary percutaneous transluminal thrombectomy (eg, nonprimary mechanical, snare basket, suction technique), noncoronary, non-intracranial,
arterial or arterial bypass graft, including fluoroscopic guidance and intraprocedural pharmacological thrombolytic injections, provided in conjunction with another percutaneous intervention other than primary mechanical thrombectomy (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37187 Percutaneous transluminal mechanical thrombectomy, vein(s), including intraprocedural pharmacological thrombolytic injections and fluoroscopic
guidance
37188 Percutaneous transluminal mechanical thrombectomy, vein(s), including intraprocedural pharmacological thrombolytic injections and fluoroscopic
guidance, repeat treatment on subsequent day during course of thrombolytic therapy
37191 Insertion of intravascular vena cava filter, endovascular approach including vascular access, vessel selection, and radiological supervision and interpretation, intraprocedural roadmapping, and imaging guidance (ultrasound and fluoroscopy), when performed
37192 Repositioning of intravascular vena cava filter, endovascular approach including vascular access, vessel selection, and radiological supervision and interpretation, intraprocedural roadmapping, and imaging guidance (ultrasound and fluoroscopy), when performed
37193 Retrieval (removal) of intravascular vena cava filter, endovascular approach including vascular access, vessel selection, and radiological supervision and interpretation, intraprocedural roadmapping, and imaging guidance (ultrasound and fluoroscopy), when performed
37197 Transcatheter retrieval, percutaneous, of intravascular foreign body (eg, fractured venous or arterial catheter), includes radiological supervision and interpretation, and imaging guidance (ultrasound or fluoroscopy), when performed
37211 Transcatheter therapy, arterial infusion for thrombolysis other than coronary or intracranial, any method, including radiological supervision and interpretation, initial treatment day
37212 Transcatheter therapy, venous infusion for thrombolysis, any method, including radiological supervision and interpretation, initial treatment day
37213 Transcatheter therapy, arterial or venous infusion for thrombolysis other than coronary, any method, including radiological supervision and
interpretation, continued treatment on subsequent day during course of thrombolytic therapy, including follow-up catheter contrast injection, position change, or exchange, when performed
37214 Transcatheter therapy, arterial or venous infusion for thrombolysis other than coronary, any method, including radiological supervision and
interpretation, continued treatment on subsequent day during course of thrombolytic therapy, including follow-up catheter contrast injection, position change, or exchange, when performed; cessation of thrombolysis including removal of catheter and vessel closure by any method
37215 Transcatheter placement of intravascular stent(s), cervical carotid artery, open or percutaneous, including angioplasty, when performed, and
radiological supervision and interpretation; with distal embolic protection
37216 Transcatheter placement of intravascular stent(s), cervical carotid artery, open or percutaneous, including angioplasty, when performed, and
radiological supervision and interpretation; without distal embolic protection
37218 Transcatheter placement of intravascular stent(s), intrathoracic common carotid artery or innominate artery, open or percutaneous antegrade
approach, including angioplasty, when performed, and radiological supervision and interpretation
37220 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, iliac artery, unilateral, initial vessel; with transluminal angioplasty
37221 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, iliac artery, unilateral, initial vessel; with transluminal stent placement(s), includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed
37222 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, iliac artery, each additional ipsilateral iliac vessel; with transluminal angioplasty (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37223 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, iliac artery, each additional ipsilateral iliac vessel; with transluminal stent placement(s), includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37224 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, femoral, popliteal artery(s), unilateral; with transluminal angioplasty
37225 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, femoral, popliteal artery(s), unilateral; with atherectomy, includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed
37226 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, femoral, popliteal artery(s), unilateral; with transluminal stent placement(s), includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed
37227 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, femoral, popliteal artery(s), unilateral; with transluminal stent placement(s) and atherectomy, includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed
37228 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, tibial, peroneal artery, unilateral, initial vessel; with transluminal angioplasty
37229 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, tibial, peroneal artery, unilateral, initial vessel; with atherectomy, includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed
37230 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, tibial, peroneal artery, unilateral, initial vessel; with transluminal stent placement(s), includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed
37231 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, tibial, peroneal artery, unilateral, initial vessel; with transluminal stent placement(s) and atherectomy, includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes (continue reading below)

37232 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, tibial/peroneal artery, unilateral, each additional vessel; with transluminal angioplasty (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37233 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, tibial/peroneal artery, unilateral, each additional vessel; with atherectomy, includes
angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37234 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, tibial/peroneal artery, unilateral, each additional vessel; with transluminal stent placement(s), includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37235 Revascularization, endovascular, open or percutaneous, tibial/peroneal artery, unilateral, each additional vessel; with transluminal stent placement(s) and atherectomy, includes angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37236 Transcatheter placement of an intravascular stent(s) (except lower extremity artery(s) for occlusive disease, cervical carotid, extracranial vertebral or intrathoracic carotid, intracranial, or coronary), open or percutaneous, including radiological supervision and interpretation and including all angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed; initial artery
37237 Transcatheter placement of an intravascular stent(s) (except lower extremity artery(s) for occlusive disease, cervical carotid, extracranial vertebral or intrathoracic carotid, intracranial, or coronary), open or percutaneous, including radiological supervision and interpretation and including all angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed; each additional artery (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37238 Transcatheter placement of an intravascular stent(s), open or percutaneous, including radiological supervision and interpretation and including angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed; initial vein
37239 Transcatheter placement of an intravascular stent(s), open or percutaneous, including radiological supervision and interpretation and including angioplasty within the same vessel, when performed; each additional vein (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37241 Vascular embolization or occlusion, inclusive of all radiological supervision and interpretation, intraprocedural roadmapping, and imaging guidance necessary to complete the intervention; venous, other than hemorrhage (eg, congenital or acquired venous malformations, venous and capillary hemangiomas, varices, varicoceles)
37242 Vascular embolization or occlusion, inclusive of all radiological supervision and interpretation, intraprocedural roadmapping, and imaging guidance necessary to complete the intervention; arterial, other than hemorrhage or tumor (eg, congenital or acquired arterial malformations, arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous fistulas, aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms)
37243 Vascular embolization or occlusion, inclusive of all radiological supervision and interpretation, intraprocedural roadmapping, and imaging guidance necessary to complete the intervention; for tumors, organ ischemia, or infarction
37244 Vascular embolization or occlusion, inclusive of all radiological supervision and interpretation, intraprocedural roadmapping, and imaging guidance necessary to complete the intervention; for arterial or venous hemorrhage or lymphatic extravasation
37252 Intravascular ultrasound (noncoronary vessel) during diagnostic evaluation and/or therapeutic intervention, including radiological supervision and interpretation; initial noncoronary vessel (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
37253 Intravascular ultrasound (noncoronary vessel) during diagnostic evaluation and/or therapeutic intervention, including radiological supervision and interpretation; each additional noncoronary vessel (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)
43201 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with directed submucosal injection(s), any substance
43202 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with biopsy, single or multiple
43204 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with injection sclerosis of esophageal varices
43205 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with band ligation of esophageal varices
43206 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with optical endomicroscopy
43211 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with endoscopic mucosal resection
43212 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with placement of endoscopic stent (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
43213 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with dilation of esophagus, by balloon or dilator, retrograde (includes fluoroscopic guidance, when performed)
43214 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with dilation of esophagus with balloon (30 mm diameter or larger) (includes fluoroscopic guidance, when
performed)
43215 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with removal of foreign body(s)
43216 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by hot biopsy forceps
43217 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by snare technique
43220 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with transendoscopic balloon dilation (less than 30 mm diameter)
43226 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with insertion of guide wire followed by passage of dilator(s) over guide wire
43227 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with control of bleeding, any method
43229 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with ablation of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
43231 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with endoscopic ultrasound examination
43232 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; with transendoscopic ultrasound-guided intramural or transmural fine needle aspiration/biopsy(s)
43233 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with dilation of esophagus with balloon (30 mm diameter or larger) (includes fluoroscopic guidance, when performed)
43235 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)
43236 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with directed submucosal injection(s), any substance
43237 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with endoscopic ultrasound examination limited to the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, and
adjacent structures
43238 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with transendoscopic ultrasound-guided intramural or transmural fine needle aspiration/biopsy(s), (includes endoscopic ultrasound examination limited to the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, and adjacent structures)
43239 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with biopsy, single or multiple
43240 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with transmural drainage of pseudocyst (includes placement of transmural drainage
catheter[s]/stent[s], when performed, and endoscopic ultrasound, when performed)
43241 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with insertion of intraluminal tube or catheter
43242 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with transendoscopic ultrasound-guided intramural or transmural fine needle aspiration/biopsy(s) (includes endoscopic ultrasound examination of the esophagus, stomach, and either the duodenum or a surgically altered stomach where the jejunum is examined distal to the anastomosis)
43243 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with injection sclerosis of esophageal/gastric varices
43244 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with band ligation of esophageal/gastric varices
43245 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with dilation of gastric/duodenal stricture(s) (eg, balloon, bougie)
43246 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with directed placement of percutaneous gastrostomy tube
43247 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with removal of foreign body(s)
43248 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with insertion of guide wire followed by passage of dilator(s) through esophagus over guide wire
43249 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with transendoscopic balloon dilation of esophagus (less than 30 mm diameter)
43250 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by hot biopsy forceps
43251 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by snare technique
43252 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with optical endomicroscopy
43253 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with transendoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural injection of diagnostic or therapeutic
substance(s) (eg, anesthetic, neurolytic agent) or fiducial marker(s) (includes endoscopic ultrasound examination of the esophagus, stomach, and
either the duodenum or a surgically altered stomach where the jejunum is examined distal to the anastomosis)
43254 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with endoscopic mucosal resection
43255 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with control of bleeding, any method
43257 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with delivery of thermal energy to the muscle of lower esophageal sphincter and/or gastric cardia, for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease
43259 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with endoscopic ultrasound examination, including the esophagus, stomach, and either the
duodenum or a surgically altered stomach where the jejunum is examined distal to the anastomosis
43260 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed
(separate procedure)
43261 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with biopsy, single or multiple
43262 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with sphincterotomy/papillotomy
43263 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with pressure measurement of sphincter of Oddi
43264 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with removal of calculi/debris from biliary/pancreatic duct(s)
43265 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with destruction of calculi, any method (eg, mechanical, electrohydraulic, lithotripsy)
43266 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with placement of endoscopic stent (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
43270 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, flexible, transoral; with ablation of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
43273 Endoscopic cannulation of papilla with direct visualization of pancreatic/common bile duct(s) (List separately in addition to code(s) for primary procedure)
43274 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with placement of endoscopic stent into biliary or pancreatic duct, including pre- and postdilation
and guide wire passage, when performed, including sphincterotomy, when performed, each stent
43275 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with removal of foreign body(s) or stent(s) from biliary/pancreatic duct(s)
43276 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with removal and exchange of stent(s), biliary or pancreatic duct, including pre- and postdilation
and guide wire passage, when performed, including sphincterotomy, when performed, each stent exchanged
43277 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with trans-endoscopic balloon dilation of biliary/pancreatic duct(s) or of ampulla
(sphincteroplasty), including sphincterotomy, when performed, each duct
43278 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); with ablation of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s), including pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed
43453 Dilation of esophagus, over guide wire
44360 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)
44361 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with biopsy, single or multiple
44363 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with removal of foreign body(s)
44364 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other
lesion(s) by snare technique
44365 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other
lesion(s) by hot biopsy forceps or bipolar cautery
44366 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with control of bleeding (eg, injection, bipolar
cautery, unipolar cautery, laser, heater probe, stapler, plasma coagulator)
44369 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with ablation of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other
lesion(s) not amenable to removal by hot biopsy forceps, bipolar cautery or snare technique
44370 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with transendoscopic stent placement (includes
predilation)
44372 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with placement of percutaneous jejunostomy tube
44373 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, not including ileum; with conversion of percutaneous gastrostomy tube to percutaneous jejunostomy tube
44376 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, including ileum; diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing (separate procedure)
44377 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, including ileum; with biopsy, single or multiple
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes
44378 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, including ileum; with control of bleeding (eg, injection, bipolar cautery, unipolar cautery, laser, heater probe, stapler, plasma coagulator)
44379 Small intestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy beyond second portion of duodenum, including ileum; with transendoscopic stent placement (includes
predilation)
44380 Ileoscopy, through stoma; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)
44381 Ileoscopy, through stoma; with transendoscopic balloon dilation
44382 Ileoscopy, through stoma; with biopsy, single or multiple
44384 Ileoscopy, through stoma; with placement of endoscopic stent (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
44385 Endoscopic evaluation of small intestinal pouch (eg, Kock pouch, ileal reservoir [S or J]); diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)
44386 Endoscopic evaluation of small intestinal pouch (eg, Kock pouch, ileal reservoir [S or J]); with biopsy, single or multiple
44388 Colonoscopy through stoma; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)
44389 Colonoscopy through stoma; with biopsy, single or multiple
44390 Colonoscopy through stoma; with removal of foreign body(s)
44391 Colonoscopy through stoma; with control of bleeding, any method
44392 Colonoscopy through stoma; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by hot biopsy forceps
44394 Colonoscopy through stoma; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by snare technique
44401 Colonoscopy through stoma; with ablation of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) (includes pre-and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
44402 Colonoscopy through stoma; with endoscopic stent placement (including pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
44403 Colonoscopy through stoma; with endoscopic mucosal resection
44404 Colonoscopy through stoma; with directed submucosal injection(s), any substance
44405 Colonoscopy through stoma; with transendoscopic balloon dilation
44406 Colonoscopy through stoma; with endoscopic ultrasound examination, limited to the sigmoid, descending, transverse, or ascending colon and cecum and adjacent structures
44407 Colonoscopy through stoma; with transendoscopic ultrasound guided intramural or transmural fine needle aspiration/biopsy(s), includes endoscopic
ultrasound examination limited to the sigmoid, descending, transverse, or ascending colon and cecum and adjacent structures
44408 Colonoscopy through stoma; with decompression (for pathologic distention) (eg, volvulus, megacolon), including placement of decompression tube, when performed
44500 Introduction of long gastrointestinal tube (eg, Miller-Abbott) (separate procedure)
45303 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with dilation (eg, balloon, guide wire, bougie)
45305 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with biopsy, single or multiple
45307 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with removal of foreign body
45308 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with removal of single tumor, polyp, or other lesion by hot biopsy forceps or bipolar cautery
45309 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with removal of single tumor, polyp, or other lesion by snare technique
45315 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with removal of multiple tumors, polyps, or other lesions by hot biopsy forceps, bipolar cautery or snare technique
45317 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with control of bleeding (eg, injection, bipolar cautery, unipolar cautery, laser, heater probe, stapler, plasma coagulator)
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes45320 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with ablation of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) not amenable to removal by hot biopsy forceps, bipolar cautery or snare technique (eg, laser)
45321 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with decompression of volvulus
45327 Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with transendoscopic stent placement (includes predilation)
45332 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with removal of foreign body(s)
45333 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by hot biopsy forceps
45334 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with control of bleeding, any method
45335 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with directed submucosal injection(s), any substance
45337 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with decompression (for pathologic distention) (eg, volvulus, megacolon), including placement of decompression tube, when performed
45338 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by snare technique
45340 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with transendoscopic balloon dilation
45341 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with endoscopic ultrasound examination
45342 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with transendoscopic ultrasound guided intramural or transmural fine needle aspiration/biopsy(s)
45346 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with ablation of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when
performed)
45347 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with placement of endoscopic stent (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
45349 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with endoscopic mucosal resection
45350 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible; with band ligation(s) (eg, hemorrhoids)
45378 Colonoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)
45379 Colonoscopy, flexible; with removal of foreign body(s)
45380 Colonoscopy, flexible; with biopsy, single or multiple
45381 Colonoscopy, flexible; with directed submucosal injection(s), any substance
45382 Colonoscopy, flexible; with control of bleeding, any method
45384 Colonoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by hot biopsy forceps
45385 Colonoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by snare technique
45386 Colonoscopy, flexible; with transendoscopic balloon dilation
45388 Colonoscopy, flexible; with ablation of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
45389 Colonoscopy, flexible; with endoscopic stent placement (includes pre- and post-dilation and guide wire passage, when performed)
45390 Colonoscopy, flexible; with endoscopic mucosal resection
45391 Colonoscopy, flexible; with endoscopic ultrasound examination limited to the rectum, sigmoid, descending, transverse, or ascending colon and
cecum, and adjacent structures
45392 Colonoscopy, flexible; with transendoscopic ultrasound guided intramural or transmural fine needle aspiration/biopsy(s), includes endoscopic
ultrasound examination limited to the rectum, sigmoid, descending, transverse, or ascending colon and cecum, and adjacent structures
45393 Colonoscopy, flexible; with decompression (for pathologic distention) (eg, volvulus, megacolon), including placement of decompression tube, when performed
45398 Colonoscopy, flexible; with band ligation(s) (eg, hemorrhoids)
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes (continue reading below)
47000 Biopsy of liver, needle; percutaneous
47382 Ablation, 1 or more liver tumor(s), percutaneous, radiofrequency
47383 Ablation, 1 or more liver tumor(s), percutaneous, cryoablation
47532 Injection procedure for cholangiography, percutaneous, complete diagnostic procedure including imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or
fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation; new access (eg, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram)
47533 Placement of biliary drainage catheter, percutaneous, including diagnostic cholangiography when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound
and/or fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation; external
47534 Placement of biliary drainage catheter, percutaneous, including diagnostic cholangiography when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound
and/or fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation; internal-external
47535 Conversion of external biliary drainage catheter to internal-external biliary drainage catheter, percutaneous, including diagnostic cholangiography
when performed, imaging guidance (eg, fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation
47536 Exchange of biliary drainage catheter (eg, external, internal-external, or conversion of internal-external to external only), percutaneous, including
diagnostic cholangiography when performed, imaging guidance (eg, fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation
47541 Placement of access through the biliary tree and into small bowel to assist with an endoscopic biliary procedure (eg, rendezvous procedure),
percutaneous, including diagnostic cholangiography when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy), and all associated
radiological supervision and interpretation, new access
47542 Balloon dilation of biliary duct(s) or of ampulla (sphincteroplasty), percutaneous, including imaging guidance (eg, fluoroscopy), and all associated
radiological supervision and interpretation, each duct (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
47543 Endoluminal biopsy(ies) of biliary tree, percutaneous, any method(s) (eg, brush, forceps, and/or needle), including imaging guidance (eg,
fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, single or multiple (List separately in addition to code for primary
procedure)
47544 Removal of calculi/debris from biliary duct(s) and/or gallbladder, percutaneous, including destruction of calculi by any method (eg, mechanical,
electrohydraulic, lithotripsy) when performed, imaging guidance (eg, fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation (List
separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
49405 Image-guided fluid collection drainage by catheter (eg, abscess, hematoma, seroma, lymphocele, cyst); visceral (eg, kidney, liver, spleen, lung/mediastinum), percutaneous
49406 Image-guided fluid collection drainage by catheter (eg, abscess, hematoma, seroma, lymphocele, cyst); peritoneal or retroperitoneal, percutaneous
49407 Image-guided fluid collection drainage by catheter (eg, abscess, hematoma, seroma, lymphocele, cyst); peritoneal or retroperitoneal, transvaginal or
transrectal
49411 Placement of interstitial device(s) for radiation therapy guidance (eg, fiducial markers, dosimeter), percutaneous, intra-abdominal, intra-pelvic (except prostate), and/or retroperitoneum, single or multiple
49418 Insertion of tunneled intraperitoneal catheter (eg, dialysis, intraperitoneal chemotherapy instillation, management of ascites), complete procedure,
including imaging guidance, catheter placement, contrast injection when performed, and radiological supervision and interpretation, percutaneous
49440 Insertion of gastrostomy tube, percutaneous, under fluoroscopic guidance including contrast injection(s), image documentation and report
49441 Insertion of duodenostomy or jejunostomy tube, percutaneous, under fluoroscopic guidance including contrast injection(s), image documentation and report
49442 Insertion of cecostomy or other colonic tube, percutaneous, under fluoroscopic guidance including contrast injection(s), image documentation and report
49446 Conversion of gastrostomy tube to gastro-jejunostomy tube, percutaneous, under fluoroscopic guidance including contrast injection(s), image
documentation and report
50200 Renal biopsy; percutaneous, by trocar or needle
50382 Removal (via snare/capture) and replacement of internally dwelling ureteral stent via percutaneous approach, including radiological supervision and interpretation
50384 Removal (via snare/capture) of internally dwelling ureteral stent via percutaneous approach, including radiological supervision and interpretation
50385 Removal (via snare/capture) and replacement of internally dwelling ureteral stent via transurethral approach, without use of cystoscopy, including radiological supervision and interpretation
50386 Removal (via snare/capture) of internally dwelling ureteral stent via transurethral approach, without use of cystoscopy, including radiological supervision and interpretation
50387 Removal and replacement of externally accessible nephroureteral catheter (eg, external/internal stent) requiring fluoroscopic guidance, including radiological supervision and interpretation
50430 Injection procedure for antegrade nephrostogram and/or ureterogram, complete diagnostic procedure including imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation; new access
50432 Placement of nephrostomy catheter, percutaneous, including diagnostic nephrostogram and/or ureterogram when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation
50433 Placement of nephroureteral catheter, percutaneous, including diagnostic nephrostogram and/or ureterogram when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, new access
50434 Convert nephrostomy catheter to nephroureteral catheter, percutaneous, including diagnostic nephrostogram and/or ureterogram when performed,
imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation, via pre-existing nephrostomy tract
50592 Ablation, 1 or more renal tumor(s), percutaneous, unilateral, radiofrequency
50593 Ablation, renal tumor(s), unilateral, percutaneous, cryotherapy
50606 Endoluminal biopsy of ureter and/or renal pelvis, non-endoscopic, including imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy) and all associated
radiological supervision and interpretation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
50693 Placement of ureteral stent, percutaneous, including diagnostic nephrostogram and/or ureterogram when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation; pre-existing nephrostomy tract
50694 Placement of ureteral stent, percutaneous, including diagnostic nephrostogram and/or ureterogram when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation; new access, without separate nephrostomy catheter
50695 Placement of ureteral stent, percutaneous, including diagnostic nephrostogram and/or ureterogram when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation; new access, with separate nephrostomy catheter
50705 Ureteral embolization or occlusion, including imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
50706 Balloon dilation, ureteral stricture, including imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
57155 Insertion of uterine tandem and/or vaginal ovoids for clinical brachytherapy
66720 Ciliary body destruction; cryotherapy
69300 Otoplasty, protruding ear, with or without size reduction
77371 Radiation treatment delivery, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), complete course of treatment of cranial lesion(s) consisting of 1 session; multi-source Cobalt 60 based
77600 Hyperthermia, externally generated; superficial (ie, heating to a depth of 4 cm or less)
77605 Hyperthermia, externally generated; deep (ie, heating to depths greater than 4 cm)
77610 Hyperthermia generated by interstitial probe(s); 5 or fewer interstitial applicators
77615 Hyperthermia generated by interstitial probe(s); more than 5 interstitial applicators
92920 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; single major coronary artery or branch
92921 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; each additional branch of a major coronary artery (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
92924 Percutaneous transluminal coronary atherectomy, with coronary angioplasty when performed; single major coronary artery or branch
92925 Percutaneous transluminal coronary atherectomy, with coronary angioplasty when performed; each additional branch of a major coronary artery (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
92928 Percutaneous transcatheter placement of intracoronary stent(s), with coronary angioplasty when performed; single major coronary artery or branch
92929 Percutaneous transcatheter placement of intracoronary stent(s), with coronary angioplasty when performed; each additional branch of a major coronary artery (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
92933 Percutaneous transluminal coronary atherectomy, with intracoronary stent, with coronary angioplasty when performed; single major coronary artery or branch
92934 Percutaneous transluminal coronary atherectomy, with intracoronary stent, with coronary angioplasty when performed; each additional branch of a major coronary artery (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
92937 Percutaneous transluminal revascularization of or through coronary artery bypass graft (internal mammary, free arterial, venous), any combination of intracoronary stent, atherectomy and angioplasty, including distal protection when performed; single vessel
92938 Percutaneous transluminal revascularization of or through coronary artery bypass graft (internal mammary, free arterial, venous), any combination of intracoronary stent, atherectomy and angioplasty, including distal protection when performed; each additional branch subtended by the bypass graft (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
92941 Percutaneous transluminal revascularization of acute total/subtotal occlusion during acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery or coronary artery bypass graft, any combination of intracoronary stent, atherectomy and angioplasty, including aspiration thrombectomy when performed, single vessel
92943 Percutaneous transluminal revascularization of chronic total occlusion, coronary artery, coronary artery branch, or coronary artery bypass graft, any combination of intracoronary stent, atherectomy and angioplasty; single vessel
92944 Percutaneous transluminal revascularization of chronic total occlusion, coronary artery, coronary artery branch, or coronary artery bypass graft, any combination of intracoronary stent, atherectomy and angioplasty; each additional coronary artery, coronary artery branch, or bypass graft (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
92953 Temporary transcutaneous pacing
92960 Cardioversion, elective, electrical conversion of arrhythmia; external
92961 Cardioversion, elective, electrical conversion of arrhythmia; internal (separate procedure)
92973 Percutaneous transluminal coronary thrombectomy mechanical (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
92974 Transcatheter placement of radiation delivery device for subsequent coronary intravascular brachytherapy (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
92975 Thrombolysis, coronary; by intracoronary infusion, including selective coronary angiography
92986 Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty; aortic valve
92987 Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty; mitral valve
93312 Echocardiography, transesophageal, real-time with image documentation (2D) (with or without M-mode recording); including probe placement, image acquisition, interpretation and report
93313 Echocardiography, transesophageal, real-time with image documentation (2D) (with or without M-mode recording); placement of transesophageal probe only
93314 Echocardiography, transesophageal, real-time with image documentation (2D) (with or without M-mode recording); image acquisition, interpretation and report only
93315 Transesophageal echocardiography for congenital cardiac anomalies; including probe placement, image acquisition, interpretation and report
93316 Transesophageal echocardiography for congenital cardiac anomalies; placement of transesophageal probe only
93317 Transesophageal echocardiography for congenital cardiac anomalies; image acquisition, interpretation and report only
93318 Echocardiography, transesophageal (TEE) for monitoring purposes, including probe placement, real time 2-dimensional image acquisition and
interpretation leading to ongoing (continuous) assessment of (dynamically changing) cardiac pumping function and to therapeutic measures on an
immediate time basis
93451 Right heart catheterization including measurement(s) of oxygen saturation and cardiac output, when performed
93452 Left heart catheterization including intraprocedural injection(s) for left ventriculography, imaging supervision and interpretation, when performed
93453 Combined right and left heart catheterization including intraprocedural injection(s) for left ventriculography, imaging supervision and interpretation, when performed
93454 Catheter placement in coronary artery(s) for coronary angiography, including intraprocedural injection(s) for coronary angiography, imaging supervision and interpretation
93455 Catheter placement in coronary artery(s) for coronary angiography, including intraprocedural injection(s) for coronary angiography, imaging
supervision and interpretation; with catheter placement(s) in bypass graft(s) (internal mammary, free arterial, venous grafts) including intraprocedural injection(s) for bypass graft angiography
93456 Catheter placement in coronary artery(s) for coronary angiography, including intraprocedural injection(s) for coronary angiography, imaging supervision and interpretation; with right heart catheterization
93457 Catheter placement in coronary artery(s) for coronary angiography, including intraprocedural injection(s) for coronary angiography, imaging supervision and interpretation; with catheter placement(s) in bypass graft(s) (internal mammary, free arterial, venous grafts) including intraprocedural injection(s) for bypass graft angiography and right heart catheterization
93458 Catheter placement in coronary artery(s) for coronary angiography, including intraprocedural injection(s) for coronary angiography, imaging supervision and interpretation; with left heart catheterization including intraprocedural injection(s) for left ventriculography, when performed
93459 Catheter placement in coronary artery(s) for coronary angiography, including intraprocedural injection(s) for coronary angiography, imaging
supervision and interpretation; with left heart catheterization including intraprocedural injection(s) for left ventriculography, when performed, catheter placement(s) in bypass graft(s) (internal mammary, free arterial, venous grafts) with bypass graft angiography
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes (continue reading below)
93460 Catheter placement in coronary artery(s) for coronary angiography, including intraprocedural injection(s) for coronary angiography, imaging supervision and interpretation; with right and left heart catheterization including intraprocedural injection(s) for left ventriculography, when performed
93461 Catheter placement in coronary artery(s) for coronary angiography, including intraprocedural injection(s) for coronary angiography, imaging supervision and interpretation; with right and left heart catheterization including intraprocedural injection(s) for left ventriculography, when performed, catheter placement(s) in bypass graft(s) (internal mammary, free arterial, venous grafts) with bypass graft angiography
93462 Left heart catheterization by transseptal puncture through intact septum or by transapical puncture (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93463 Pharmacologic agent administration (eg, inhaled nitric oxide, intravenous infusion of nitroprusside, dobutamine, milrinone, or other agent) including assessing hemodynamic measurements before, during, after and repeat pharmacologic agent administration, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93464 Physiologic exercise study (eg, bicycle or arm ergometry) including assessing hemodynamic measurements before and after (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93505 Endomyocardial biopsy
93530 Right heart catheterization, for congenital cardiac anomalies
93561 Indicator dilution studies such as dye or thermodilution, including arterial and/or venous catheterization; with cardiac output measurement (separate procedure)
93562 Indicator dilution studies such as dye or thermodilution, including arterial and/or venous catheterization; subsequent measurement of cardiac output
93563 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective coronary angiography during congenital heart catheterization (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93564 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective opacification of aortocoronary venous or arterial bypass graft(s) (eg, aortocoronary saphenous vein, free radial artery, or free mammary artery graft) to one or more coronary arteries and in situ arterial conduits (eg, internal mammary), whether native or used for bypass to one or more coronary arteries during congenital heart catheterization, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93565 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective left ventricular or left atrial angiography (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93566 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective right ventricular or right atrial angiography (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93567 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for supravalvular aortography (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93568 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for pulmonary angiography (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93571 Intravascular Doppler velocity and/or pressure derived coronary flow reserve measurement (coronary vessel or graft) during coronary angiography including pharmacologically induced stress; initial vessel (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93572 Intravascular Doppler velocity and/or pressure derived coronary flow reserve measurement (coronary vessel or graft) during coronary angiography including pharmacologically induced stress; each additional vessel (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93582 Percutaneous transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus
93583 Percutaneous transcatheter septal reduction therapy (eg, alcohol septal ablation) including temporary pacemaker insertion when performed
93609 Intraventricular and/or intra-atrial mapping of tachycardia site(s) with catheter manipulation to record from multiple sites to identify origin of tachycardia (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93613 Intracardiac electrophysiologic 3-dimensional mapping (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93615 Esophageal recording of atrial electrogram with or without ventricular electrogram(s)
93616 Esophageal recording of atrial electrogram with or without ventricular electrogram(s); with pacing
93618 Induction of arrhythmia by electrical pacing
93619 Comprehensive electrophysiologic evaluation with right atrial pacing and recording, right ventricular pacing and recording, His bundle recording, including insertion and repositioning of multiple electrode catheters, without induction or attempted induction of arrhythmia
93620 Comprehensive electrophysiologic evaluation including insertion and repositioning of multiple electrode catheters with induction or attempted induction of arrhythmia; with right atrial pacing and recording, right ventricular pacing and recording, His bundle recording
93621 Comprehensive electrophysiologic evaluation including insertion and repositioning of multiple electrode catheters with induction or attempted induction of arrhythmia; with left atrial pacing and recording from coronary sinus or left atrium (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93622 Comprehensive electrophysiologic evaluation including insertion and repositioning of multiple electrode catheters with induction or attempted induction of arrhythmia; with left ventricular pacing and recording (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93624 Electrophysiologic follow-up study with pacing and recording to test effectiveness of therapy, including induction or attempted induction of arrhythmia
2017 Moderate Conscious Sedation Changes (continue reading below)
93640 Electrophysiologic evaluation of single or dual chamber pacing cardioverter-defibrillator leads including defibrillation threshold evaluation (induction of arrhythmia, evaluation of sensing and pacing for arrhythmia termination) at time of initial implantation or replacement
93641 Electrophysiologic evaluation of single or dual chamber pacing cardioverter-defibrillator leads including defibrillation threshold evaluation (induction of arrhythmia, evaluation of sensing and pacing for arrhythmia termination) at time of initial implantation or replacement; with testing of single or dual chamber pacing cardioverter-defibrillator pulse generator
93642 Electrophysiologic evaluation of single or dual chamber transvenous pacing cardioverter-defibrillator (includes defibrillation threshold evaluation, induction of arrhythmia, evaluation of sensing and pacing for arrhythmia termination, and programming or reprogramming of sensing or therapeutic parameters)
93644 Electrophysiologic evaluation of subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (includes defibrillation threshold evaluation, induction of arrhythmia, evaluation of sensing for arrhythmia termination, and programming or reprogramming of sensing or therapeutic parameters)
93650 Intracardiac catheter ablation of atrioventricular node function, atrioventricular conduction for creation of complete heart block, with or without temporary pacemaker placement
93653 Comprehensive electrophysiologic evaluation including insertion and repositioning of multiple electrode catheters with induction or attempted induction of an arrhythmia with right atrial pacing and recording, right ventricular pacing and recording (when necessary), and His bundle recording (when necessary) with intracardiac catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic focus; with treatment of supraventricular tachycardia by ablation of fast or slow atrioventricular pathway, accessory atrioventricular connection, cavo-tricuspid isthmus or other single atrial focus or source of atrial re-entry
93654 Comprehensive electrophysiologic evaluation including insertion and repositioning of multiple electrode catheters with induction or attempted induction of an arrhythmia with right atrial pacing and recording, right ventricular pacing and recording (when necessary), and His bundle recording (when necessary) with intracardiac catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic focus; with treatment of ventricular tachycardia or focus of ventricular ectopy including intracardiac electrophysiologic 3D mapping, when performed, and left ventricular pacing and recording, when performed
93655 Intracardiac catheter ablation of a discrete mechanism of arrhythmia which is distinct from the primary ablated mechanism, including repeat diagnostic maneuvers, to treat a spontaneous or induced arrhythmia (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93656 Comprehensive electrophysiologic evaluation including transseptal catheterizations, insertion and repositioning of multiple electrode catheters with induction or attempted induction of an arrhythmia including left or right atrial pacing/recording when necessary, right ventricular pacing/recording when necessary, and His bundle recording when necessary with intracardiac catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation by pulmonary vein isolation
93657 Additional linear or focal intracardiac catheter ablation of the left or right atrium for treatment of atrial fibrillation remaining after completion of pulmonary vein isolation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
94011 Measurement of spirometric forced expiratory flows in an infant or child through 2 years of age
94012 Measurement of spirometric forced expiratory flows, before and after bronchodilator, in an infant or child through 2 years of age
94013 Measurement of lung volumes (ie, functional residual capacity [FRC], forced vital capacity [FVC], and expiratory reserve volume [ERV]) in an infant or child through 2 years of age
Reference: 2017 CPT Codebook. CPT is a Trademark and owned by the American Medical Association

(1) Incorrect demographic information (insurance ID , date of birth, even the gender!)
Always scan a copy of your patient's primary and secondary insurance card. Make sure to get a copy of their new card (if there is a change)
(2) Patient's non-coverage or terminated coverage at the time of service may also be the reason of denial. That is why, it is very important that you check on your patient's benefits and eligibility before seeing the patient (unfortunately, I have seen practices who does not check benefits and eligibility on their patients so they end up being not paid for the service they have rendered for the patient
(3) Coding Issues (requires 5th digit, outdated codes)--- be careful also with your secondary/additional codes! Claims may be denied even if the problem was just because of the secondary codes!Again as I previously pointed out with my other articles on tracking your claims, with this problem, discuss solving the coding error rather than how much you want to get reimbursed. Most of the insurance companies will help you with codes (in fairness!!) and they also inform you on outdated codes, or codes that requires a 5th digit. You can also clarify by asking them more information on their reimbursement and utilization guidelines
(4) Improper use of modifiers (be careful with bilateral procedures!, modifiers for professional and technical component, modifiers for multiple procedures, postoperative period, etc.)
(5) No precertification or preauthorization obtained. It is so hard to file an appeal when the claim or service was non-precertified. Avoid this from happening! So be careful with your Surgical Procedures, Therapy Services and DME Services. 
(6) No referral on file. HMOs or the Managed Care normally requires a referral! (remember that!). Most Therapy Services would require a an order or script from the referring provider. Make sure the referring provider's NPI appears on Box 17 on your HCFA 1500 Claim Form
(7) The patient has other primary insurance, the patient turn out to be a Workman's Comp case or an MVA case. Call our office, we can give you an example of our template of benefits eligibility verification. Remember, WC/MVA cases services are normally always require Prior Auth so make sure you have the claim information, connect with the Adjustor and the Nurse Case Manager
(8) Claim requires documentation, require additional notes to support medical necessity. A well documented medical records is a good practice!
(9) Claim requires referring physician's information (very common for Therapy Services and DME Billing requirements)
(10) Untimely filing. So how can you prove that you did submit the claims in a timely manner? When unfortunately, most of the insurances does not accept your billing records on your practice management software that shows that date(s) you billed the insurance! They want a receipt from your electronic receipt or for postal mail, obviously they want a receipt too! a tracking number maybe? certified letter receipt? If you are submitting claims by electronic, make sure you generate transmission reports/receipts. Your reports must read "accepted" or "in process" and not "rejected". If you are sending claims by paper or postal mail, it is a good idea to send your claims as certified mail with tracking number, keep your transmission receipts!

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