Does Medicare Cover Radiofrequency Ablation

READER'S QUESTION: ​Does Medicare Cover Radiofrequency Ablation for Pain Management in New York?

Here's the Coverage Information from Medicare Part B

Indications:

• Patient must have history of at least 3 months of moderate to severe pain with functional impairment and pain is inadequately responsive to conservative care such as NSAIDs, acetaminophen, physical therapy (as tolerated).
  
• Pain is predominantly axial and, with the possible exception of facet joint cysts, not associated with radiculopathy or neurogenic claudication.
  
• There is no non-facet pathology that could explain the source of the patient’s pain, such as fracture, tumor, infection, or significant deformity.
  
• Clinical assessment implicates the facet joint as the putative source of pain.​

General Procedure Requirements:

• Pre-procedural documentation must include a complete initial evaluation including history and an appropriately focused musculoskeletal and neurological physical examination. There should be a summary of pertinent diagnostic tests or procedures justifying the possible presence of facet joint pain.
• A procedure note must be legible and include sufficient detail to allow reconstruction of the procedure. Required elements of the note include a description of the techniques employed, nerves injected and sites(s) of injections, drugs and doses with volumes and concentrations as well as pre and post-procedural pain assessments. With RF neurotomy, electrode position, cannula size, lesion parameters, and electrical stimulation parameters and findings must be specified and documented.
• Facet joint interventions (diagnostic and/or therapeutic) must be performed under fluoroscopic or computed tomographic (CT) guidance. Facet joint interventions performed under ultrasound guidance will not be reimbursed.
• A hard (plain radiograph with conventional film or specialized paper) or digital copy image or images which adequately document the needle position and contrast medium flow (excluding RF ablations and those cases in which using contrast is contra-indicated, such as patients with documented contrast allergies), must be retained and submitted if requested.
• In order to maintain target specificity, total IA injection volume must not exceed 1.0 mL per cervical joint or 2 mL per lumbar joint, including contrast. Larger volumes may be used only when performing a purposeful facet cyst rupture in the lumbar spine.
• Total MBB anesthetic volume shall be limited to a maximum of 0.5 mL per MB nerve for diagnostic purposes and 2ml for therapeutic. For a third occipital nerve block, up to 1.0 mL is allowed for diagnostic and 2ml for therapeutic purposes.
• In total, no more than 100 mg of triamcinolone or methylprednisolone or 15 mg of betamethasone or dexamethasone or equivalents shall be injected during any single injection session.
• Both diagnostic and therapeutic IA facet joint injections and medial branch blocks (see criteria below) may be acceptably performed without steroids.​

Diagnostic Facet Joint Injections

• Dual MBBs (a series of two MBBs) are necessary to diagnose facet pain due to the unacceptably high false positive rate of single MBB injections.
  • A second confirmatory MBB is allowed if documentation indicates the first MBB produced > 80% relief of primary (index) pain and duration of relief is consistent with the agent employed.
    
    
• Intraarticular facet block will not be reimbursed as a diagnostic test unless medial branch blocks cannot be performed due to specific documented anatomic restrictions.

Therapeutic Injections

• Either intraarticular injections or medial branch blocks may provide temporary or long-lasting or permanent relief of facet-mediated pain. Injections may be repeated if the first injection results in significant pain relief (>50%) for at least 3 months. (See Limitations section for total number of injections that may be performed in one year.)
• Recurrent pain at the site of previously treated facet joint may be treated without additional diagnostic blocks if >50% pain relief from the previous block(s) lasted at least 3 months.

Thermal Medial Branch Radiofrequency Neurotomy (includes RF and microwave technologies):

• Only when dual MBBs provide > 80% relief of the primary or index pain and duration of relief is consistent with the agent employed may facet joint denervation with RF medial branch neurotomy be considered
• Repeat denervation procedures involving the same joint will only be considered medically necessary if the patient experienced > 50% improvement of pain and improvement in patient specific ADLs documented for at least 6 months.

Limitations of Coverage:
A maximum of five (5) facet joint injection sessions inclusive of medial branch blocks, intraarticular injections, facet cyst rupture and RF ablations may be performed per year in the cervical/thoracic spine and five (5) in the lumbar spine.

• For each covered spinal region (cervical/thoracic or lumbar), no more than two (2) thermal RF sessions will be reimbursed in any calendar year, involving no more than four (4) joints per session, e.g., two (2) bilateral levels or four (4) unilateral levels.
• Neither conscious sedation nor Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) is routinely necessary for intraarticular facet joint injections or medial branch blocks and are not routinely reimbursable. Individual consideration may be given for payment in rare unique circumstances if the medical necessity of sedation is unequivocal and clearly documented.
• Non-thermal RF modalities for facet joint denervation including chemical, low grade thermal energy (<80 degrees Celsius), as well as pulsed RF are not covered.
• Intraarticular and/or extraarticular facet joint prolotherapy is not covered.

Let's describe the CPT codes 64633-64636

CPT CODE 64633 DESTRUCTION BY NEUROLYTIC AGENT, PARAVERTEBRAL FACET JOINT NERVE(S), WITH IMAGING GUIDANCE (FLUOROSCOPY OR CT); CERVICAL OR THORACIC, SINGLE FACET JOINT
CPT CODE +64634 DESTRUCTION BY NEUROLYTIC AGENT, PARAVERTEBRAL FACET JOINT NERVE(S), WITH IMAGING GUIDANCE (FLUOROSCOPY OR CT); CERVICAL OR THORACIC, EACH ADDITIONAL FACET JOINT (LIST SEPARATELY IN ADDITION TO CODE FOR PRIMARY PROCEDURE)

CPT CODE 64635 DESTRUCTION BY NEUROLYTIC AGENT, PARAVERTEBRAL FACET JOINT NERVE(S), WITH IMAGING GUIDANCE (FLUOROSCOPY OR CT); LUMBAR OR SACRAL, SINGLE FACET JOINT
CPT CODE +64636 DESTRUCTION BY NEUROLYTIC AGENT, PARAVERTEBRAL FACET JOINT NERVE(S), WITH IMAGING GUIDANCE (FLUOROSCOPY OR CT); LUMBAR OR SACRAL, EACH ADDITIONAL FACET JOINT (LIST SEPARATELY IN ADDITION TO CODE FOR PRIMARY PROCEDURE)

Related Billing Articles 

Source reference: LCD ID L35936 Facet Joint Injections, Medial Branch Blocks, and Facet Joint Radiofrequency Neurotomy NGS Medicare Part B 
National Government Services, Inc. MAC - Part A 06101 - MAC A J - 06 Illinois
National Government Services, Inc. MAC - Part B 06102 - MAC B J - 06 Illinois
National Government Services, Inc. MAC - Part A 06201 - MAC A J - 06 Minnesota
National Government Services, Inc. MAC - Part B 06202 - MAC B J - 06 Minnesota
National Government Services, Inc. MAC - Part A 06301 - MAC A J - 06 Wisconsin
National Government Services, Inc. MAC - Part B 06302 - MAC B J - 06 Wisconsin
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 13101 - MAC A J - K Connecticut
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 13102 - MAC B J - K Connecticut
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 13201 - MAC A J - K New York - Entire State
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 13202 - MAC B J - K New York - Downstate
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 13282 - MAC B J - K New York - Upstate
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 13292 - MAC B J - K New York - Queens
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14111 - MAC A J - K Maine
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14112 - MAC B J - K Maine
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14211 - MAC A J - K Massachusetts
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14212 - MAC B J - K Massachusetts
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14311 - MAC A J - K New Hampshire
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14312 - MAC B J - K New Hampshire
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14411 - MAC A J - K Rhode Island
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14412 - MAC B J - K Rhode Island
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14511 - MAC A J - K Vermont
National Government Services, Inc. A and B and HHH MAC 14512 - MAC B J - K Vermont​

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